Shloka 4

Adhyāya 39 — त्रिगुणविवेकः (Discrimination of the Three Guṇas) and Avyakta-Doctrine

Devanagari script

संहत्य कुर्वते यात्रां सहिता: संघचारिण: । संघातवृत्तयो होते वर्तन्ते हेत्वहेतुभि:,ये गुण किसी निमित्तसे अथवा बिना निमित्तके भी सदा साथ रहते हैं, साथ-ही-साथ विचरते हैं, समूह बनाकर यात्रा करते हैं और संघात (शरीर)-में मौजूद रहते हैं

Transliteration

saṃhatya kurvate yātrāṃ sahitāḥ saṅghacāriṇaḥ | saṅghātavṛttayo hote vartante hetvahetubhiḥ ||

Translation

Vāyu dit : «Étroitement unis, ils entreprennent ensemble leur voyage — compagnons qui vivent et se meuvent en groupe. Leur manière même d’exister est liée à l’agrégat (le complexe incarné), et ils continuent d’agir : tantôt avec une cause évidente, tantôt même sans cause apparente.»

Word by Word

संहत्यhaving united; together

कुर्वतेthey do/make

यात्राम्journey; march

सहिताःtogether; united

संघचारिणःmoving in a group

संघातवृत्तयःthose whose mode is aggregation/embodiment; group-conditioned states

होतेthey become/are

वर्तन्तेthey exist/behave; they proceed

हेत्वहेतुभिःby causes and non-causes (with/without a motive)

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vāyu (Vāyudeva)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how beings (or faculties/qualities) operate in collective dependence within the embodied aggregate, and that their activity may appear driven by clear causes or may arise without any obvious motive—inviting reflection on interdependence, embodiment, and the limits of human causal explanation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyu speaks in a reflective, explanatory mode, describing how entities associated with embodied life move together as a group and function within the bodily aggregate, emphasizing their collective operation and the sometimes evident, sometimes obscure causation behind their activity.