Shloka 42
अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता
Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality
यश्न श्राद्धे कुरुते संगतानि न देवयानेन पथा स याति | स वै मुक्त: पिप्पलं बन्धनाद् वा स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्र:
yaḥ śrāddhe kurute saṅgatāni na devayānena pathā sa yāti | sa vai muktaḥ pippalaṁ bandhanād vā svargāl lokāc cyavate śrāddha-mitraḥ ||
Bhishma dit : Celui qui fait du rite de śrāddha un moyen de nouer des alliances personnelles—en nourrissant autrui pour s’assurer son amitié—ne suit pas, après la mort, la voie divine (devayāna). Un tel « ami acquis par le śrāddha » déchoit du ciel, comme le fruit du pippala (aśvattha) qui, une fois détaché de son pédoncule, tombe à terre. L’enseignement est que les rites aux ancêtres doivent être accomplis avec une intention pure et une vénération sincère, non comme un marchandage social ou un réseautage intéressé.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Śrāddha should be performed as a duty toward ancestors and as a sacred act, not as a tool for personal gain. When the motive becomes social leverage—making friends or alliances through feeding—its spiritual fruit is lost, and the performer is said to fall from heavenly merit rather than attain the devayāna.
In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he warns about improper motives in ritual acts. He uses a simile: just as a pippala fruit detaches from its stalk and falls, so a person who instrumentalizes śrāddha for friendship becomes separated from the merit that would support ascent to higher realms.