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Shloka 5

Go-mahātmyam: Pavitrāṇāṃ Pavitraṃ

Cows and Ghee as Supreme Purifiers

असुर्या नाम ते लोका गां दत्त्वा तानू न गच्छति । पीतोदकां जग्धतृणां नष्टक्षीरां निरिन्द्रियाम्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | asuryā nāma te lokā gāṁ dattvā tānū na gacchati | pītodakāṁ jagdhatṛṇāṁ naṣṭakṣīrāṁ nirindriyām |

Bhīṣma dit : « Il est des mondes nommés “Asurya”, des royaumes obscurs sans soleil. Celui qui donne une vache en bon état n’a pas à s’y rendre. Mais si l’on offre une vache qu’on a laissée sans eau, sans herbe, dont le lait est perdu, et dont les sens et la force ont défailli—vieille et malade—, ce prétendu “don” n’inflige qu’une souffrance vaine au brāhmaṇa qui la reçoit, et le donateur lui-même tombe dans un effroyable enfer. »

असुर्याःsunless (dark) [worlds]
असुर्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
नामby name / called
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःworlds
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तान्them (those worlds)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पीतोदकाम्whose water has been drunk (i.e., drained of water)
पीतोदकाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपीत-उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
जग्धतृणाम्whose grass has been eaten (i.e., with fodder consumed)
जग्धतृणाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजग्ध-तृण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नष्टक्षीराम्whose milk is lost/ruined
नष्टक्षीराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट-क्षीर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निरिन्द्रियाम्devoid of senses/strength
निरिन्द्रियाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्-इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
Asuryā lokāḥ (sunless/dark worlds)
G
Go (cow)
B
Brāhmaṇa (implied recipient in the ethical explanation)

Educational Q&A

Charity must be meaningful and non-harmful: donating an unfit, suffering cow is not true dāna but a burden that harms the recipient and brings negative karmic consequences to the giver.

Bhishma, instructing on dāna-dharma in the Anushasana Parva, contrasts proper cow-gifting (which protects one from dark afterlife realms) with the unethical act of giving a debilitated cow, which leads to suffering and hellish results.