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Shloka 43

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

हृष्ट-पुष्ट, सीधी-सादी, जवान और उत्तम गन्धवाली सभी गौएँ प्रशंसनीय मानी गयी हैं। जैसे गंगा सब नदियोंमें श्रेष्ठ हैं, उसी प्रकार कपिला गौ सब गौआओंमें उत्तम है ।।

tisro rātrīs tv adbhir upoṣya bhūmau tṛptā gāvas tarpitibhyaḥ pradeyāḥ | vatsaiḥ puṣṭaiḥ kṣīrapaiḥ supracārās tryahaṃ dattvā gorasair vartitavyam ||

Bhīṣma dit : «Que le donateur jeûne trois nuits, ne se soutenant que d’eau et dormant à même le sol. Après avoir rassasié les vaches d’herbe et de fourrage, et après avoir satisfait les brāhmaṇas par la nourriture et les honneurs qui leur sont dus, qu’il offre alors ces vaches en don. Les vaches doivent être dociles et pleines de vigueur, accompagnées de veaux robustes qui tètent encore. Après le don des vaches, que le donateur vive trois jours en ne prenant que des produits du lait (goras).»

तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
रात्रीःnights
रात्रीः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
त्वत्you (the giver)
त्वत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
अद्भिःwith water
अद्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
उपोष्यhaving fasted
उपोष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउपवस्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), —, —
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तृप्ताःsatiated
तृप्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतृप्त
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
गावःcows
गावः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तर्पितेभ्यःto the satisfied (Brahmins)
तर्पितेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootतर्पित
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
प्रदेयाःare to be given
प्रदेयाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदेय
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
वत्सैःwith calves
वत्सैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पुष्टैःwell-nourished
पुष्टैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुष्ट
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
क्षीरपैःmilk-drinking
क्षीरपैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीरप
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सुप्रचाराःwell-behaved / well-moving
सुप्रचाराः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्रचार
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
त्र्यहम्for three days
त्र्यहम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्र्यह
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), —, —
गोरसैःwith milk-products / cow-juice (milk)
गोरसैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगोरस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वर्तितव्यम्one should subsist / should live
वर्तितव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormGerundive (to be done), —, —

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhishma (Pitamaha)
C
cows (gāvaḥ)
C
calves (vatsāḥ)
B
brāhmaṇas (implied as recipients)

Educational Q&A

Charity (go-dāna) is not merely transfer of property; it is framed as a disciplined ethical act requiring self-restraint, care for the animals, honoring worthy recipients (brāhmaṇas), and post-gift austerity to purify intention and detach from possession.

Bhīṣma, instructing on dharma, lays out the procedure for gifting cows: the donor fasts on water for three nights and sleeps on the ground, feeds the cows to satisfaction, honors and satisfies brāhmaṇas, gives vigorous well-behaved cows with healthy suckling calves, and then lives for three days on milk-products.