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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 39 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on attachment (saṅga) and relational restraint

अपि च ज्ञानसम्पन्न: सर्वान्‌ वेदान्‌ पितुर्गृहि । श्लाघमान इवाधीयादू ग्राम्य इत्येव त॑ विदु:

api ca jñāna-sampannaḥ sarvān vedān pitur gṛhe | ślāghamāna ivādhīyād grāmya ity eva taṃ viduḥ ||

De plus, quand bien même un homme serait pourvu de savoir et étudierait tous les Veda en demeurant dans la maison de son père—semblant digne d’éloges—les gens instruits le tiennent pourtant pour un simple « rustre ». La leçon morale sous-entendue est que la véritable excellence dans l’étude védique est liée à une discipline de disciple auprès d’un maître, endurant les difficultés dans la demeure du guru, plutôt qu’à une étude confortable à la maison.

अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ज्ञानसम्पन्नःendowed with knowledge
ज्ञानसम्पन्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञानसम्पन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वेदान्Vedas
वेदान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पितुःof (one's) father
पितुः:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
श्लाघमानःpraising (himself), boasting
श्लाघमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्लाघमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present active participle), श्लाघ्
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अधीयीतshould study
अधीयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular, Present (modal)
ग्राम्यःa rustic, boor
ग्राम्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तंhim
तं:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow, consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormLat (present), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural, Present

सोम उवाच

S
Soma
V
Vedas
F
father (pituḥ)
L
learned people (vidvāṃsaḥ, implied by viduḥ)

Educational Q&A

Vedic learning is not measured only by the amount studied, but by the disciplined mode of study: true refinement comes from brahmacarya under a guru, with humility and hardship, not from comfortable study at one’s parental home.

Soma states a social-ethical judgment about education: even a knowledgeable person who studies the Vedas at his father’s house is still labeled ‘grāmya’ by the learned, implying that proper training requires residence and service in the teacher’s household.