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Shloka 35

तीर्थवंशोपदेशः

Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters

(मुहूर्तानां त्रय॑ पूर्वमह्नः प्रातरिति स्मृतम्‌ । जपथध्यानादिभिस्तस्मिन्‌ विप्रैः कार्य शुभव्रतम्‌ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | muhūrtānāṃ trayaḥ pūrvam ahnaḥ prātar iti smṛtam | japa-dhyānādibhis tasmin vipraiḥ kāryaṃ śubha-vratam || saṅgava-ākhyas tribhāgaṃ tu madhyāhnas tri-muhūrtakaḥ | laukikaṃ saṅgave 'rthyaṃ ca snānādi madhyame || caturtham aparāhṇaṃ tu tri-muhūrtaṃ tu pitṛyakam | sāyāhnas tri-muhūrtaś ca madhyamaṃ kavibhiḥ smṛtam || śrāddhāpavarge viprasya svadhā vai muditā bhavet | kṣatriyasya api yo brūyāt prīyantāṃ pitaras tv iti ||

Bhīṣma dit : «Les trois premiers muhūrtas du jour sont tenus pour le matin. En ce temps-là, les brahmanes doivent accomplir des observances de bon augure—telles que la récitation et la méditation—pour leur propre bien spirituel. Les trois muhūrtas suivants s’appellent saṅgava, et après saṅgava viennent trois muhūrtas dits de midi. Durant saṅgava, on doit vaquer aux tâches du monde; à midi, il convient de se baigner et d’accomplir les rites de sandhyā. Après midi, les trois muhūrtas suivants sont l’après-midi; ce quatrième quart du jour est propre aux rites des ancêtres. Puis viennent trois muhūrtas appelés le soir, que les sages regardent comme l’intervalle entre le jour et la nuit. À la fin d’un śrāddha dans la maison d’un brahmane, l’énoncé de ‘svadhā’ est dit réjouir les ancêtres; et dans la maison d’un kṣatriya, on doit conclure en disant : “Que les ancêtres soient satisfaits.”»

श्राद्धin the śrāddha rite
श्राद्ध:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपवर्गेat the conclusion/termination
अपवर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअपवर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विप्रस्यof a brāhmaṇa
विप्रस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्वधाSvadhā (the pitṛ-offering formula/oblation)
स्वधा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
मुदिताpleased, delighted
मुदिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमुदित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षत्रियस्यof a kṣatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रूयात्should say/utter
ब्रूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रीयन्ताम्may they be pleased
प्रीयन्ताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्री
FormImperative (Lot), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
पितरःthe ancestors (pitṛs)
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
vipra (brahmins)
K
kṣatriya
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
Ś
śrāddha
S
svadhā
S
sandhyā

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches a dharmic ordering of the day: allocate specific time-blocks (muhūrtas) for spiritual practice (japa, dhyāna), worldly responsibilities, purification and sandhyā rites, and ancestral duties (śrāddha/pitṛ-kārya). Right timing is presented as part of right conduct.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-setting, Bhīṣma continues his didactic discourse by defining traditional divisions of daytime and prescribing appropriate activities for each, including how to conclude a śrāddha with role-appropriate formulas for brahmins and kṣatriyas.