Shloka 2

अहिंसयित्वा ब्रह्महत्याविधानम् / Brahmahatyā incurred without physical violence

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच स्ववृत्तिमभिपन्नाय लिज़्िने चेतराय च । देयमाहुर्महाराज उभावेतौ तपस्विनौ

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | svavṛttim abhipannāya liṅgine cetarāya ca | deyam āhur mahārāja ubhāv etau tapasvinau ||

Translation

Bhīṣma dit : «Ô grand roi, il est déclaré que l’aumône doit être donnée aux deux : au brāhmaṇa qui, pour sauvegarder sa vie, a pris le moyen de subsistance qui lui revient de droit—qu’il porte ou non les marques extérieures de l’ascète. Car tous deux, s’appuyant sur leur devoir propre, doivent être tenus pour austères et dignes de recevoir la charité.»

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• स्ववृत्तिम्: one's own (prescribed) livelihood/means of subsistence
• स्ववृत्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्ववृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• अभिपन्नाय: to one who has resorted to/undertaken
• अभिपन्नाय: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-√पद्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

• लिङ्गिने: to one bearing a mark/sign (ascetic insignia)
• लिङ्गिने: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ्गिन्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• इतराय: to the other (one)
• इतराय: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इतर
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• च: also/and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• देयम्: is to be given / should be given
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √दा
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (तव्य/यत् sense; here 'to be given')

• आहुः: they say
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• उभौ: both
• उभौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• एतौ: these two
• एतौ: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• तपस्विनौ: ascetics / men of austerity
• तपस्विनौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्विन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Mahārāja (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
• Brāhmaṇa
• liṅgin (marked ascetic)
• aliṅgin/itarā (unmarked ascetic/householder in dharmic livelihood)