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Shloka 21

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

तामग्निश्चकमे साक्षाद्‌ राजकन्यां सुदर्शनाम्‌ । भूत्वा च ब्राह्मणो राजन्‌ वरयामास तं नृपम्‌

tām agniś cakame sākṣād rājakaṇyāṃ sudarśanām | bhūtvā ca brāhmaṇo rājan varayāmāsa taṃ nṛpam ||

Bhīṣma dit : «Agni lui-même s’éprit de la princesse Sudarśanā. Ô roi, prenant l’apparence d’un brahmane, il se rendit auprès de ce souverain et demanda formellement la jeune fille en mariage. L’épisode montre que le désir peut émouvoir jusqu’à une divinité, mais que la quête demeure encadrée par la procédure reconnue — s’approcher, solliciter, obtenir le consentement —, soulignant la portée éthique des moyens justes en matière d’union.»

ताम्her (that princess)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अग्निःAgni (Fire-god)
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चकमेdesired, fell in love (with)
चकमे:
TypeVerb
Rootकम् (कान्तौ)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
साक्षात्directly, in person
साक्षात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात्
राजकन्याम्the king's daughter, princess
राजकन्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजकन्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सुदर्शनाम्beautiful, fair to behold
सुदर्शनाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदर्शना
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada/Ātmanepada-neutral
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वरयामासchose/asked for (in marriage), sought
वरयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (वरणे)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him / that (king)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नृपम्the king
नृपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
Agni (Fire-god)
S
Sudarśanā (princess)
T
the King (father of Sudarśanā)
B
brāhmaṇa (guise/form)

Educational Q&A

Even when powerful desire arises, dharma emphasizes pursuing aims through legitimate, socially and ethically sanctioned means—here, a formal request for marriage rather than coercion.

Agni becomes attracted to the princess Sudarśanā, takes on the appearance of a brāhmaṇa, and approaches her father (the king) to ask for her hand in marriage.