Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 40

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

सदोपवासी नियत: स्वाध्यायनिरत: शुचि: । बहिष्कान्तरिते नित्यं शयानो5ग्निगृहे सदा

sadopavāsī niyataḥ svādhyāya-nirataḥ śuciḥ | bahiṣkāntarite nityaṁ śayāno ’gni-gṛhe sadā ||

Maheshvara dit : «Qu’il soit de ceux qui observent régulièrement le jeûne, discipliné, voué au svādhyāya (étude et récitation sacrées), et pur. Qu’il s’étende toujours en un lieu retiré, et qu’il dorme toujours dans le sanctuaire du feu (agni-gṛha).» Le vers loue une vie de retenue, de pureté et d’auto-culture védique, présentant la routine ascétique comme fondement de la stabilité de l’esprit et d’une conduite conforme au dharma.

सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
उपवासीone who fasts; a faster
उपवासी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपवासिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नियतःdisciplined; restrained
नियतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनियत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वाध्याय-निरतःengaged in self-study (of Veda/śāstra)
स्वाध्याय-निरतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाध्यायनिरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचिःpure; clean
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बहिःoutside
बहिः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहिः
क-अन्तरितेwhen separated by (only) a little (interval/space)
क-अन्तरिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootक-अन्तरित
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नित्यम्constantly; every day
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
शयानःlying down; sleeping
शयानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशी (धातु) → शयान (शतृ-प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्नि-गृहेin the fire-house; in the sacred fire-room
अग्नि-गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्निगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara (Śiva)
A
Agni-gṛha (fire-sanctuary/agniśālā)

Educational Q&A

The core teaching is disciplined living: regular fasting, regulated conduct, devotion to svādhyāya (sacred study), and maintaining purity—supported by a simple, austere routine centered on the sacred fire.

Śiva (Maheśvara) is instructing about an ideal regimen of a dharmic practitioner/ascetic, describing daily practices—fasting, study, purity, and sleeping in the fire-sanctuary—as marks of steady religious observance.