Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 52

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

राजाका परम धर्म है--इन्द्रियसंयम

rājñaḥ paramo dharmaḥ—indriya-saṃyamaḥ, svādhyāyaḥ, agnihotra-karma, dānam, adhyayanam, yajñopavīta-dhāraṇam, yajñānuṣṭhānam, dhārmika-kārya-sampādanam, poṣya-varga-bharaṇa-poṣaṇam, ārabdha-karmasya saphalī-karaṇam, aparādha-yathā-yogya-daṇḍa-dānam, vaidika-yajñādi-karmānuṣṭhānam, vyavahāre nyāya-rakṣaṇam, satya-bhāṣaṇe anurāgaḥ—ete sarve rājñaḥ dharmāḥ. ārta-hasta-prado rājā pretya ceha mahīyate. go-brāhmaṇārthe vikrāntaḥ saṅgrāme nidhanaṃ gataḥ, sa svargam aśvamedha-yajñair jitān lokān adhitiṣṭhati.

Mahādeva dit : «Pour un roi, le dharma suprême consiste à maîtriser les sens, étudier le Veda, accomplir le rite de l’Agnihotra, faire des dons, apprendre, porter le cordon sacré (yajñopavīta), célébrer les sacrifices, accomplir des œuvres justes, entretenir ceux qui dépendent de lui, mener à bonne fin les entreprises commencées, infliger une peine proportionnée à la faute, exécuter comme il se doit les sacrifices védiques et les rites connexes, sauvegarder la justice dans les affaires civiles, et s’attacher à la parole véridique — tout cela est dharma pour le roi. Le roi qui tend la main comme soutien aux affligés est honoré ici-bas et après la mort. Et le roi qui, par vaillance, meurt au combat pour sauver les vaches et les brahmanes du péril, atteint le ciel et obtient la seigneurie sur les mondes que l’on dit gagnés par les sacrifices d’Aśvamedha.»

आर्तdistressed (persons)
आर्त:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हस्तhand
हस्त:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहस्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रदःgiver (one who gives)
प्रदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रेत्यhaving departed (after death)
प्रेत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ
FormGerund (absolutive)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormConjunction
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
FormAdverb
महीयतेis honored / is revered
महीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootमह्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (passive/mediopassive sense), Third, Singular
गोof cows
गो:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
ब्राह्मणof Brahmins
ब्राह्मण:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अर्थेfor the sake (in the matter) of
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विक्रान्तःvaliant / having shown prowess
विक्रान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविक्रान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
निधनम्death
निधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गतःgone; having attained
गतः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrīmahēśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
R
rājā (the king)
G
go (cows)
B
brāhmaṇa (Brahmins)
A
Agnihotra
Y
yajñopavīta (sacred thread)
A
Aśvamedha (horse sacrifice)
S
svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

The passage defines rājadharma: a king’s righteousness is not only ritual piety (svādhyāya, Agnihotra, yajña) but also ethical governance—supporting dependents, completing public works, administering proportionate punishment, protecting justice in civil affairs, and steadfast truthfulness. Compassion to the distressed and courageous protection of cows and Brahmins are praised as sources of honor here and merit after death.

Śrī Mahēśvara speaks as an authority on dharma, listing the king’s duties and then stating the spiritual outcomes: the helper of the afflicted is honored in both worlds, and the king who dies in battle while protecting cows and Brahmins attains heavenly status likened to the worlds gained through Aśvamedha sacrifices.