Shloka 43
Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption
शास्त्र, इतिहास और वेदमें जो यह बात बतायी गयी है कि मनुष्य इस लोकमें पाप करनेपर मृत्युके पश्चात् यमराजके भयंकर लोकमें जाता है, यह सत्य ही है ।।
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śāstre itihāse ca vede ca yad idaṃ proktaṃ yat manuṣya iha loke pāpaṃ kṛtvā mṛtyoḥ paścād yamarājasya bhayānake loke gacchati, tat satyam eva || iha sthānāni puṇyāni devatulyāni bhūpate | tiryag-yony-atiriktāni gatimanti ca sarvaśaḥ || bhūpāla! asmin yama-loke deva-loka-samāni puṇya-mayāni sthānāni santi, yatra tiryag (kīṭa-pataṅgādi) yoni-jīvān vihāya sarve puṇyātmānaḥ jaṅgamā jīvā gacchanti |
Yudhiṣṭhira dit : «Ce que déclarent les śāstra, la tradition de l’Itihāsa et les Veda—à savoir que l’homme qui commet le péché en ce monde, après la mort, va au redoutable royaume de Yama—est bien la vérité. Pourtant, ô roi, dans ce même monde de Yama existent aussi des demeures méritoires, comparables au monde des dieux. Vers ces destinations vont tous les êtres mobiles vertueux, à l’exception de ceux nés dans des matrices animales et des naissances inférieures (tels les insectes et autres).»
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse affirms the moral causality taught by śāstra, itihāsa, and Veda: sinful actions lead after death to Yama’s fearsome realm; yet that realm also contains meritorious, deva-like abodes for the virtuous—highlighting that post-mortem experience is graded by karma, not a single uniform punishment.
Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king and clarifies the doctrine of Yamaloka: it is not only a place of terror for sinners but also includes auspicious stations where virtuous beings proceed, with an explicit exclusion of beings in lower animal/insect births from those particular destinations.