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Shloka 10

उपवासविधि-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the Discipline of Fasting

जिस कुलमें पापी पुरुष जन्म लेता है

bhīṣma uvāca | sarve cāpi vikarmasthā bhāgaṃ nārhanti sodarāḥ | nāpradāya kaniṣṭhebhyo jyeṣṭhaḥ kurvīta yautakam |

Bhīṣma dit : Quand bien même ce seraient ses propres frères, ceux qui demeurent dans le péché et l’acte contraire au dharma ne méritent pas de part dans l’héritage ancestral. Et l’aîné ne doit pas s’approprier le patrimoine sans avoir d’abord accordé aux cadets la part qui leur est due. Un seul homme mauvais né dans une famille peut être cause d’une ruine étendue : il souille la lignée et détruit sa bonne renommée.

सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विकर्मस्थाःengaged in wrongful acts
विकर्मस्थाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविकर्मस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भागम्share/portion
भागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्हन्तिdeserve/are entitled to
अर्हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सोदराःuterine brothers (brothers of the same mother)
सोदराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसोदर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्रदायwithout giving (having not given)
अप्रदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
कनिष्ठेभ्यःto the younger (brothers)
कनिष्ठेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकनिष्ठ
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
ज्येष्ठःthe eldest (brother)
ज्येष्ठः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुर्वीतshould do/should take up
कुर्वीत:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यौतकम्inheritance/ancestral property (share taken as one’s due)
यौतकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयौतकम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
elder brother (jyeṣṭha)
Y
younger brothers (kaniṣṭhāḥ/sodarāḥ)
A
ancestral share/estate (bhāga)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that inheritance is governed by dharma: persistent wrongdoers forfeit entitlement to a share, and the eldest must act justly by first allotting the younger brothers their due before taking or arranging his own portion—protecting both fairness and the family’s honor.

In Bhishma’s instruction on righteous conduct and social order, he lays down a rule about division of ancestral property among brothers, linking moral character (vikarma) with legal/ethical entitlement and warning that a sinner can bring disgrace and ruin upon an entire lineage.