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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 36

Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity

Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda

लोकनाथ! सुरेश्वर! इनके अतिरिक्त रोहिणी (कपिला) जातिकी बहुत-सी दुधारू गौएँ तथा बहुसंख्यक साँड़ भी मैं प्रतिदिन ब्राह्मणोंको दान करता था; परंतु उन सब दानोंके फलसे भी मैं इस लोकमें नहीं आया हूँ ।।

Bhagīratha uvāca: Lokanātha! Sureśvara! etebhyaḥ pṛthak rohiṇī-kapilā-jātīyā bahvyo dhenavaḥ bahavaś ca vṛṣabhāḥ mayā pratidinaṃ brāhmaṇebhyo dīyante sma; tathāpi teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ dānānāṃ phalena aham asmin loke nāgataḥ. Triṃśad-agnīn ahaṃ brahmajña yajaṃś ca yat pratidinaṃ; aṣṭakṛtvaḥ sarvamedhaiḥ, saptakṛtvaś ca naramedhaiḥ, aṣṭāviṃśati-śataṃ viśvajit-yajñaiḥ ca iṣṭavān; tathāpi deveśvara! teṣāṃ yajñānāṃ phalena api aham iha nāgataḥ.

Bhagīratha dit : «Ô Seigneur du monde, ô Seigneur des dieux ! En outre, chaque jour je faisais don aux brāhmaṇas de nombreuses vaches laitières de la race Rohiṇī (Kapilā) ainsi que d’innombrables taureaux ; et pourtant, par le fruit de toutes ces largesses, je ne suis pas parvenu à cet état ici. J’ai aussi accompli, jour après jour, l’édification de l’autel du feu sacré (agni-cayana) et les rites sacrificiels—trente fois de suite, une fois par jour. J’ai offert le Sarvamedha huit fois, le Naramedha sept fois, et le sacrifice Viśvajit cent vingt-huit fois ; et pourtant, ô Seigneur des dieux, même par le fruit de ces sacrifices je ne suis pas venu à cette condition.»

त्रिंशत्thirty
त्रिंशत्:
Karma
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रिंशत्
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
अग्नीन्fires
अग्नीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Formnominative, singular
ब्रह्मज्ञO knower of Brahman
ब्रह्मज्ञ:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मज्ञ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
अयजम्I performed sacrifice / I sacrificed
अयजम्:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
Formimperfect (laṅ), 1st, singular, parasmaipada
यत्which / that (act)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नित्यदाdaily / always
नित्यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यदा
अष्टशःeight times
अष्टशः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअष्टशः
सर्वमेधैःby/with Sarvamedha sacrifices
सर्वमेधैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वमेध
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
नरमेधैःby/with Naramedha sacrifices
नरमेधैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनरमेध
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सप्तभिःwith seven (times)
सप्तभिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्तन्
Forminstrumental, plural

भगीरथ उवाच

B
Bhagīratha
L
Lokanātha (addressed deity)
S
Sureśvara/Deveśvara (addressed deity)
B
Brāhmaṇas
R
Rohiṇī/Kapilā cows
B
Bulls (vṛṣabhas)
A
Agnicayana
S
Sarvamedha
N
Naramedha
V
Viśvajit sacrifice

Educational Q&A

Bhagīratha emphasizes that sheer accumulation of ritual acts—lavish gifts and repeated sacrifices—does not automatically guarantee the desired spiritual or existential attainment; some deeper factor (such as intention, purity, truthfulness, or a specific unresolved cause) must determine the outcome.

Bhagīratha addresses a supreme divine figure, recounting the vast scale of his charities and Vedic sacrifices (agnicayana, sarvamedha, naramedha, viśvajit) and expressing that, despite these, he has not attained the expected result—setting up a search for the true reason behind his present condition.