Shloka 1
Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity
Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda
अपन क्रा बछ। सं: त>र्योधिकशततमो< ध्याय: ब्रह्माजी और भगीरथका संवाद
Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—dānaṃ bahuvidhākāraṃ śāntiḥ satyam ahiṃsitām | svadāra-tuṣṭiś ca uktā te phalaṃ dānasya caiva yat | tapobalāt paraṃ kiṃ nu balaṃ bhavati te mate | yadi tapasyā api kiṃcid utkṛṣṭaṃ sādhanam asti, tan me vyākhyātuṃ arhasi ||
Yudhiṣṭhira dit : «Grand-père, tu as décrit de nombreuses formes de don, ainsi que la paix, la véracité et la non-violence. Tu as aussi enseigné le contentement auprès de sa propre épouse, et tu as expliqué les fruits de la charité. Selon ton jugement, quelle puissance est plus grande que celle qui naît de l’austérité ? Et s’il existe une discipline encore supérieure à l’austérité, je t’en prie, expose-la clairement devant nous.»
गौतम उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames a hierarchy of dharmic practices—charity, peace, truth, non-violence, and marital fidelity—and asks whether austerity (tapas) surpasses them, or whether an even higher discipline exists. It sets up an ethical inquiry into what most powerfully transforms character and leads to spiritual merit.
In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Grandfather’ and, after hearing teachings on dāna and allied virtues, requests a deeper explanation about the greatest source of strength—tapas—and any practice superior to it.