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Shloka 22

Tapovana-praveśaḥ — The King’s Entry into the Sacred Grove and Vision of the Āśrama

फेनपांश्व तथा वत्सान्‌ न दुहन्ति सम मानवा: | न कूटमानैर्वणिज: पाण्यं विक्रीणते तदा,जबतक बछड़े केवल दूधपर रहते, घास नहीं चरते, तबतक मनुष्य गौओंका दूध नहीं दुहते थे। व्यापारीलोग बेचने योग्य वस्तुओंका झूठे माप-तौलद्दवारा विक्रय नहीं करते थे

phaṇapaṁśv tathā vatsān na duhanti sama mānavāḥ | na kūṭamānair vaṇijaḥ pāṇyaṁ vikrīṇate tadā ||

Vaiśampāyana dit : En ce temps-là, on ne trayait pas les vaches tant que les veaux dépendaient encore uniquement du lait et ne broutaient pas l’herbe. Et les marchands ne vendaient pas leurs biens au moyen de poids et de mesures trompeurs. Ainsi le récit rappelle un âge ancien marqué par la retenue, l’équité et le respect de la part due à autrui.

फेनपांश्वfoam and dust (i.e., impure/undesirable things)
फेनपांश्व:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफेनपांशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तथाand/also; thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वत्सान्calves
वत्सान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुहन्तिthey milk
दुहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदुह्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
समम्equally; together
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
मानवाःpeople; men
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कूटमानैःwith false measures/weights
कूटमानैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकूटमान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
वणिजःmerchants
वणिजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवणिज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पण्यंmerchandise; saleable goods
पण्यं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विक्रीणतेthey sell
विक्रीणते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + क्री
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
तदाthen; at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
C
calves
M
merchants
M
measures/weights
M
merchandise

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic restraint and honesty: do not deprive dependents of their due (calves’ share of milk) and do not cheat in commerce (no false weights).

Vaiśampāyana is describing the moral character of an earlier time, portraying a society where people acted fairly toward animals and maintained integrity in trade.