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Shloka 19

Tapovana-praveśaḥ — The King’s Entry into the Sacred Grove and Vision of the Āśrama

ईजिरे च महायज्ञैः क्षत्रिया बहुदक्षिणै: । साज़्रोपनिषदान वेदान्‌ विप्राश्नाधीयते तदा,क्षत्रियलोग बहुत-सी दक्षिणावाले बड़े-बड़े यज्ञोंद्वारा यजन करते थे। ब्राह्मण अंगों और उपनिषदोंसहित सम्पूर्ण वेदोंका अध्ययन करते थे

ījire ca mahāyajñaiḥ kṣatriyā bahudakṣiṇaiḥ | sāṅgopaniṣadān vedān viprāś cādhīyate tadā ||

Vaiśampāyana dit : En ces jours-là, les kṣatriya accomplissaient de grands sacrifices, riches en dons et en honoraires pour les officiants ; et les brāhmaṇa étudiaient les Veda dans leur totalité, avec les disciplines auxiliaires et les Upaniṣad. Ainsi la société avançait dans l’ordre : les souverains soutenaient le devoir public par un patronage rituel généreux, tandis que prêtres et maîtres maintenaient l’étude et le savoir sacré par une discipline rigoureuse.

ईजिरेthey performed worship/sacrificed
ईजिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormLit, Perfect, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महायज्ञैःby great sacrifices
महायज्ञैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहायज्ञ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहुदक्षिणैःwith many gifts (as fees)
बहुदक्षिणैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुदक्षिण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
साङ्गोपनिषदान्together with the Vedangas and Upanishads
साङ्गोपनिषदान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसाङ्गोपनिषद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वेदान्the Vedas
वेदान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विप्राःBrahmins
विप्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अध्यीयतेthey studied/recited
अध्यीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ
FormLat, Present, 3, Plural, Atmanepada
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
kṣatriyas
B
brāhmaṇas (vipras)
M
mahāyajñas (great sacrifices)
D
dakṣiṇā (sacrificial gifts)
V
Vedas
U
Upaniṣads
V
Vedāṅgas (implied by sāṅga)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a dharmic social balance: rulers support public religion and welfare through grand sacrifices and generous giving, while learned brāhmaṇas preserve and transmit sacred knowledge through disciplined Vedic study (including Vedāṅgas and Upaniṣads).

Vaiśampāyana describes the prevailing conduct of society at that time: kṣatriyas are engaged in major sacrificial rites with ample dakṣiṇā, and brāhmaṇas are devoted to studying and reciting the full Vedic corpus along with its auxiliary sciences and Upaniṣadic teachings.