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Shloka 127

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

पितुः पुत्रेण कर्तव्यं न कुर्ब्वीत पिता सुते / अतिस्नेहान्न कर्तव्यं सपिण्डीकरणं सते

Transliteration

pituḥ putreṇa kartavyaṃ na kurbvīta pitā sute / atisnehānna kartavyaṃ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ sate

Translation

Ce qui doit être accompli pour le père doit l’être par le fils ; le père ne doit pas l’accomplir pour le fils. Et par attachement excessif, on ne doit pas célébrer trop tôt le sapīṇḍīkaraṇa, car il ne doit être fait qu’au temps prescrit et selon la juste règle.

Word by Word
पितुःof the father
पितुः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
पुत्रेणby the son
पुत्रेण:
Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण/Agent expressed instrumentally)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
कर्तव्यम्should be done
कर्तव्यम्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Obligation)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
कुर्ब्वीतshould do
कुर्ब्वीत:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद-रूप (कुर्यात् इत्यर्थे)
पिताthe father
पिता:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
सुतेwith regard to the son
सुते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Reference)
TypeNoun
Rootसुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘सुते’ = पुत्रे (in/for the son)
अति-स्नेहात्out of excessive affection
अति-स्नेहात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootअति (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश) + स्नेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव (अतिस्नेहः)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
कर्तव्यम्should not be done
कर्तव्यम्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Prohibition)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; निषेधेन सह ‘न कर्तव्यम्’
सपिण्डीकरणम्the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite
सपिण्डीकरणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसपिण्डीकरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
सतेwhen (the son) is present
सते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Condition)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘सति’ इत्यर्थे (while existing/when present)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Only at the prescribed time; not prematurely due to over-attachment

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ritual agency follows generational order: son performs for father, not vice versa; excessive attachment must not distort prescribed timing of sapīṇḍīkaraṇa.

Vedantic Theme: Vairāgya-in-action: performing duty without being driven by moha; adherence to niyama reflects sattvic clarity.

Application: In bereavement, avoid rushing or altering rites due to emotion; follow eligibility and timing rules; seek counsel to prevent procedural errors.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana rules on sapīṇḍīkaraṇa timing and preta-stage duration; Passages on adhikāra of kartṛs in śrāddha

Characters & Entities
P
Pitris
S
Son
F
Father

FAQs

This verse stresses that sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is a regulated ancestral integration rite and should be performed in the correct order and time, not driven by emotion or haste.

It assigns responsibility primarily to the son for rites intended for the father, and cautions against reversing the order (father performing such rites for the son), preserving dharmic sequence in śrāddha traditions.

Follow established family and śāstric procedure for post-death rites, consult competent priests/traditions for timing, and avoid making ritual decisions solely from grief or attachment.

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