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Shloka 15

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

प्रक्षाल्य भुक्त्वा तज्जह्याच्छुचौ देशे समाहितः / स्नात्वा सन्तर्पयेद्देवानृषीन्पितृगणांस्तथा

Transliteration

prakṣālya bhuktvā tajjahyācchucau deśe samāhitaḥ / snātvā santarpayeddevānṛṣīnpitṛgaṇāṃstathā

Translation

Après avoir mangé, s’étant rincé et purifié, on doit déposer correctement les restes en un lieu pur, l’esprit recueilli. Puis, après le bain, on offrira la santarpaṇa (offrande de satisfaction) aux Devas, aux Ṛṣis et de même aux assemblées des Pitṛs (ancêtres).

Word by Word
प्रक्षाल्यhaving washed
प्रक्षाल्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+क्षल् (धातु) → प्रक्षाल्य (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), ‘having washed’
भुक्त्वाhaving eaten
भुक्त्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु) → भुक्त्वा (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), ‘having eaten’
तत्that/it
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; निर्देश (that/it)
जह्यात्should discard
जह्यात्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘should abandon/discard’
शुचौin a clean (place)
शुचौ:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; विशेषण (clean/pure)
देशेin a place
देशे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदेश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन
समाहितःcomposed/attentive
समाहितः:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्+आ+धा (धातु) → समाहित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘collected/composed’
स्नात्वाhaving bathed
स्नात्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्ना (धातु) → स्नात्वा (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), ‘having bathed’
सन्तर्पयेत्should satisfy/propitiate
सन्तर्पयेत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+तृप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘should satisfy/offer oblations’
देवान्the gods
देवान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन
ऋषीन्the sages
ऋषीन्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन
पितृगणान्the groups of ancestors
पितृगणान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (पितॄणां गणाः), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकार/समुच्चयार्थ (thus/also)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: After eating and rinsing; after bathing (snāna) as part of daily duties

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Post-meal śauca and mindful disposal, followed by snāna and tarpana to devas/ṛṣis/pitṛs, sustains ṛṇa-traya (three debts).

Vedantic Theme: Karma-yoga orientation: ordinary acts become purifying when aligned with dharma and gratitude.

Application: After meals: clean up, dispose waste responsibly, wash, then offer gratitude/brief prayers or water-offerings according to one’s tradition.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: clean household space; bathing area; domestic altar/offerings place

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.50.11-14 (purity disciplines leading into offerings)

Characters & Entities
D
Devas
R
Rishis
P
Pitris

FAQs

This verse links eating with immediate purification—clean disposal of remnants, mental composure, and bathing—showing that food-related actions should be completed with cleanliness and dharmic order.

It prescribes tarpana after bathing, indicating a ritual sequence where personal purification precedes acts of gratitude and obligation toward divine beings, sages, and ancestors.

Maintain cleanliness after meals, avoid careless disposal of leftovers, and regularly remember gratitude/obligations—through simple water-offerings, prayer, or ancestral remembrance—after personal hygiene.

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