Shloka 8

Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras

Tense–Mood System

Devanagari script

ङसोसामश्च षष्ठी स्यात्स्वामिसम्बन्धमुख्यके / ङयोः सुपो वै सप्तमी स्यात्सा चाधिकरणे भवेत्

Transliteration

ṅasosāmaśca ṣaṣṭhī syātsvāmisambandhamukhyake / ṅayoḥ supo vai saptamī syātsā cādhikaraṇe bhavet

Translation

Le sixième cas s’emploie (avec les affixes) ṅas et os, ainsi que sām, principalement pour exprimer le lien de possession ou d’association. Le septième cas s’emploie (avec les affixes) ṅi et sup, et indique l’adhikaraṇa : le lieu, le siège, le support.

Word by Word

• ङसोः: of the marker ‘ṅas’ (dual form)
• ङसोः: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ङस् (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), द्विवचन; प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (genitive/ablative dual marker in pratyāhāra usage)

• आम्: the ending ‘-ām’
• आम्: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आम् (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (genitive plural ending marker)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• षष्ठी: the sixth (case)
• षष्ठी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: षष्ठी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-संज्ञा (name of the 6th case)

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• स्वामि-सम्बन्ध-मुख्यके: in the primary (sense) of owner-relationship
• स्वामि-सम्बन्ध-मुख्यके: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वामि (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (स्वामिसम्बन्धः यस्मिन् सः) + विशेषण (in the primary sense of ownership-relation)

• ङयोः: of the marker ‘ṅi’ (dual)
• ङयोः: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ङि (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), द्विवचन; प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (locative dual marker in pratyāhāra usage)

• सुपः: of the sup-endings (nominal case endings)
• सुपः: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुप् (प्रत्यय-समूहः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सुप्-प्रत्यय-संज्ञा (the set of nominal case endings)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• सप्तमी: the seventh (case)
• सप्तमी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सप्तमी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-संज्ञा (name of the 7th case)

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• सा: that (i.e., the seventh)
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (refers to सप्तमी)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अधिकरणे: in the locative/locus role (adhikaraṇa)
• अधिकरणे: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिकरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; कारक-नाम

• भवेत्: should be/become
• भवेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Genitive expresses ownership/association; locative expresses locus/adhikaraṇa—two distinct relational mappings in language.

Vedantic Theme: Sambandha (relation) as a cognitive category: ‘mine/of’ (ṣaṣṭhī) vs ‘in/on/at’ (saptamī) mirrors how mind structures reality.

Application: In ritual manuals and devotional stotras, keep ‘of’ (Vishṇoḥ nāma, pitṝṇāṃ) distinct from ‘in/at’ (tīrthe, gṛhe) to avoid doctrinal and procedural confusion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205: adhikaraṇa definition elaborated in 1.205.9; Pāṇini 2.3.50+ (ṣaṣṭhī), 2.3.36+ (saptamī) and kāraka discussions

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of ṣaṣṭhī (genitive) in this Garuda Purana verse?

It states that the sixth case is chiefly used to express ownership or relational connection (svāmi-sambandha), guiding correct interpretation of who/what belongs to whom in ślokas and ritual statements.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana?

This specific verse is grammatical rather than narrative; it supports accurate reading of doctrinal passages by clarifying how relations (genitive) and locations/loci (locative) are expressed in Sanskrit.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use these rules when reading or chanting: interpret ṣaṣṭhī as ‘of/belonging to’ and saptamī as ‘in/at/on’, which reduces misunderstanding in scripture study and ritual instructions.