Shloka 23

Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras

Tense–Mood System

Devanagari script

विध्यादावेवानुमतो लोड्वाच्यो मन्त्रणे भवेत् / निमन्त्रणाधीष्टसंप्रश्रे प्रार्थनेषु तथाशिषि

Transliteration

vidhyādāvevānumato loḍvācyo mantraṇe bhavet / nimantraṇādhīṣṭasaṃpraśre prārthaneṣu tathāśiṣi

Translation

Il faut savoir qu’au commencement, lorsque l’autorisation est accordée, la forme de prescription (vidhi-lakāra/loṭ) doit être employée dans l’acte de conseiller. De même, elle s’emploie dans les invitations, dans les directives respectueuses et les questions courtoises, dans les requêtes, et aussi dans les bénédictions.

Word by Word

• विधि: in injunction
• विधि: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• आदौ: at the beginning
• आदौ: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक) → आदौ
• Form: अव्यय-प्रयोग (सप्तमी-एकवचनरूपेण क्रियाविशेषण), ‘at first’

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• अनुमतः: permitted/approved
• अनुमतः: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनु+मन् (धातु) → अनुमत (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• लोट्: loṭ (imperative)
• लोट्: Karta (Topic/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोट् (लकार-नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वाच्यः: to be used/should be stated
• वाच्यः: Karma (Predicate/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच् (धातु) → वाच्य (कृदन्त, यत्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृत्य (gerundive/obligatory), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मन्त्रणे: in consultation/advice
• मन्त्रणे: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्रण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• भवेत्: should be/is to be
• भवेत्: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• निमन्त्रण: in invitation
• निमन्त्रण: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमन्त्रण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अधीष्ट: command/commission (as a category)
• अधीष्ट: Sambandha (Technical item/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधि+इष् (धातु) → अधीष्ट (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP used as technical noun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-प्रयोग; समासाङ्ग

• संप्रश्रे: in inquiry/questioning
• संप्रश्रे: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संप्रश्न (प्रातिपदिक) → संप्रश्रे (पाठभेद/रूपभेद)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; (समासाङ्ग)

• प्रार्थनेषु: in requests/prayers
• प्रार्थनेषु: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रार्थन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• तथा: also/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Addition/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण

• आशिषि: in benediction
• आशिषि: Adhikarana (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आशिष् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Language as etiquette (śiṣṭācāra): appropriate optative/vidhi usage in counsel, invitations, respectful commands, inquiries, requests, and blessings.

Vedantic Theme: Sattvic speech (vāṅ-mādhurya and satya-hita) as a purifier of mind; harmony through right expression.

Application: Use softer modal forms for advice/requests/blessings to maintain respect and non-coercion in communication.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205.22 (loṭ for āśīḥ); Garuda Purana 1.205.25 (liṅ-artha and leṭ)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of using the correct verbal mood (loṭ/vidhi) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse links correct verbal forms with dharmic communication—advice, invitations, requests, and blessings should be expressed in an appropriate, respectful optative/imperative manner.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana’s broader dharma teachings?

It frames dharma not only as ritual action but also as disciplined speech—how one counsels, invites, petitions, and blesses others is part of righteous conduct.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use courteous, permission-based language when advising or requesting, and offer blessings with clarity and respect—speech itself becomes a form of ethical practice.