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Shloka 3

Vānaprastha-Dharma: Forest Discipline, Vows, Seasonal Tapas, and Equanimity

Devanagari script

भृत्यांस्तु तर्पयेच्छ्मश्रुजटालोमभृदात्मवान् / दान्तस्त्रिषवणस्नायी निवृत्तश्च प्रतिग्रहात्

Transliteration

bhṛtyāṃstu tarpayecchmaśrujaṭālomabhṛdātmavān / dāntastriṣavaṇasnāyī nivṛttaśca pratigrahāt

Translation

Que l’homme maître de lui, portant barbe, chevelure en jaṭā et poils du corps comme signe d’austérité, comble comme il se doit ses dépendants et ses serviteurs. Qu’il soit discipliné, se baigne aux trois sandhyā quotidiennes et s’abstienne d’accepter des dons.

Word by Word
भृत्यान्servants, dependents
भृत्यान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन — Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Plural
तुindeed, but
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय — particle (emphasis/contrast)
तर्पयेत्should satisfy/offer libations to
तर्पयेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतृप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद — Optative, 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्मश्रुbeard
श्मश्रु:
Visheshana (Qualifier within compound/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्मश्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — Neuter stem used as compound member
जटाmatted hair
जटा:
Visheshana (Qualifier within compound/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootजटा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — Feminine stem used as compound member
लोमbody hair
लोम:
Visheshana (Qualifier within compound/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootलोम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — Neuter stem used as compound member
भृत्bearing, possessing
भृत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootभृ (धातु) + कृत्-प्रत्यय (क्विप्)
Formकृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक ‘भृत्’ (धारक/युक्त), समासाङ्ग — Kridanta adjective meaning ‘bearing/possessing’, used as compound member
श्मश्रुजटालोमभृत्one who bears beard, matted hair and body hair
श्मश्रुजटालोमभृत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्मश्रु + जटा + लोम + भृत् (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (बहूनि उपपदानि + भृत्), प्रातिपदिक — Tatpurusha compound adjective ‘one who bears beard, matted hair and body hair’
आत्मवान्self-controlled, possessed of self
आत्मवान्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + मतुप् (प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘मतुप्’ प्रत्ययान्त (possessive)
दान्तःrestrained, tamed
दान्तः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदम् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Past participle ‘tamed’, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिthree
त्रि:
Visheshana (Qualifier within compound/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसंख्यावाचक-प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — numeral stem used as compound member
सवणdaily rite-time (morning/noon/evening)
सवण:
Visheshana (Qualifier within compound/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootसवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग) — Neuter stem used as compound member
स्नायीbather; one who bathes
स्नायी:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्ना (धातु) + णिनि/इन् (प्रत्यय)
Formकृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक (कर्तरि), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — agent-noun/adjective ‘one who bathes’, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिषवणस्नायीone who bathes at the three daily times
त्रिषवणस्नायी:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि + सवण + स्नायी (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (त्रिषु सवनेषु स्नायी), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Tatpurusha compound; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
निवृत्तःwithdrawn, refraining
निवृत्तः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि + वृत् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — past participle ‘withdrawn/ceased’, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय — conjunction
प्रतिग्रहात्from accepting gifts
प्रतिग्रहात्:
Apadana (Source/Separation/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान), एकवचन — Masculine, Ablative (5th), Singular
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Tapas-yukta sadācāra: self-control, service to dependents, purity through regular bathing, and renunciation of gift-taking to avoid bondage and bias.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi (purification of mind) through niyama and aparigraha, preparing for higher knowledge/bhakti.

Application: Maintain disciplined daily routine (sandhyā-times hygiene/ritual), fulfill duties to those dependent on you, and reduce conflicts of interest by limiting gifts/quid-pro-quo benefits.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.102 (vrata/ācāra section continuing rules of tapas and restraint)

FAQs

This verse highlights triṣavaṇa-snāna as a core discipline: regular purification at dawn, noon, and dusk supports self-restraint and steadiness in dharma.

By emphasizing restraint, purity, and avoidance of gift-dependence, the verse frames ethical self-governance as the basis for favorable karmic outcomes taught throughout the text.

Maintain daily routines of cleanliness and reflection, live with self-control, provide fairly for those who depend on you, and avoid compromising integrity through unethical or self-serving “gifts.”

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