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Shloka 8

Vidura’s Questions: How the Unchangeable Lord Relates to Māyā; Bhakti as the Remedy; Blueprint for the Coming Cosmology

श्रीशुक उवाच स इत्थं चोदित: क्षत्‍त्रा तत्त्वजिज्ञासुना मुनि: । प्रत्याह भगवच्चित्त: स्मयन्निव गतस्मय: ॥ ८ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca sa itthaṁ coditaḥ kṣattrā tattva-jijñāsunā muniḥ pratyāha bhagavac-cittaḥ smayann iva gata-smayaḥ

Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī dit : Ô Roi, ainsi pressé par Vidura, avide de connaître la vérité, le sage Maitreya parut d’abord étonné ; puis, l’esprit absorbé en Bhagavān, il lui répondit sans hésitation.

श्री-शुकःŚrī Śuka
श्री-शुकः:
कर्ता (Karta; speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री (प्रातिपदिक) + शुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (‘venerable’ qualifying ‘Śuka’)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Karta; of following participles/verb)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
इत्थम्thus
इत्थम्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्थम् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
चोदितःhaving been urged
चोदितः:
विशेषण (to सः)
TypeAdjective
Rootचुद् (धातु) → चोदित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि (‘having been prompted/urged’)
क्षत्त्राby the Kṣattā (Vidura)
क्षत्त्रा:
करण (Agent-instrument; by whom urged)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
तत्त्व-जिज्ञासुनाby one eager to know the truth
तत्त्व-जिज्ञासुना:
विशेषण (to क्षत्त्रा)
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक) + जिज्ञासु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘desirous of knowing’ of ‘truth’)
मुनिःthe sage
मुनिः:
कर्ता (Karta; of प्रत्याह)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
प्रत्याहreplied
प्रत्याह:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-आ-ह्/अह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
भगवत्-चित्तःwith mind fixed on the Lord
भगवत्-चित्तः:
विशेषण (to मुनिः)
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत् (प्रातिपदिक) + चित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘whose mind is on the Lord’ = ‘Lord-centered’)
स्मयन्smiling
स्मयन्:
क्रियाविशेषण/विशेषण (to मुनिः)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मि (धातु) → स्मयत् (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
इवas if
इव:
सम्बन्ध/निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)
गत-स्मयःfree from pride (or: with smile subdued)
गत-स्मयः:
विशेषण (to मुनिः)
TypeAdjective
Rootगत (कृदन्त; गम् धातु) + स्मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘gone’ + ‘smile/pride’) = ‘with smile gone/without pride’

Since the great sage Maitreya was filled with God consciousness, he had no reason to be astonished at such contradictory questions by Vidura. Therefore, although as a devotee he externally expressed surprise, as if he did not know how to reply to those questions, he immediately became perfectly settled and properly replied to Vidura. Yasmin vijñāte sarvam evaṁ vijñātaṁ bhavati ( Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 1.3). Anyone who is a devotee of the Lord knows about the Lord to some extent, and devotional service to the Lord makes him able to know everything by the grace of the Lord. Although a devotee may apparently express himself to be ignorant, he is full of knowledge in every intricate matter.

Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
K
Kṣattā (Vidura)
M
Maitreya Muni

FAQs

This verse highlights Vidura as a tattva-jijñāsu—one who sincerely seeks the truth—showing that genuine spiritual progress begins with humble, earnest inquiry.

Vidura’s questions were sincere and truth-centered, so the sage—absorbed in Bhagavān—responded, indicating that authentic inquiry draws forth authentic instruction.

Seek knowledge without ego: ask honest questions, listen carefully, and let spiritual understanding deepen while staying free from pride—even when you know something.