Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 48

Devanagari script

तदोपवासः कर्तव्यो भूतायां सद्भिरादरात् । कृतनित्यक्रियः सोम त्रयोदश्यां निशामय

Transliteration

tadopavāsaḥ kartavyo bhūtāyāṃ sadbhirādarāt | kṛtanityakriyaḥ soma trayodaśyāṃ niśāmaya

Translation

Entonces, en esa ocasión, los justos deben ayunar con reverencia en la (precedente) tithi llamada Bhūtā. Cumplidos los ritos diarios obligatorios, oh Soma, vela en la decimotercera luna.

Word by Word

• तदा: then
• तदा: Avyaya (Time/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (then)

• उपवासः: fasting
• उपवासः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• कर्तव्यः: should be done
• कर्तव्यः: Vidhi (Obligation predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्तव्य (कृदन्त; √कृ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; विधिलिङ्गार्थक-तव्यत् (to be done/should be done)

• भूतायाम्: on the Bhūtā (tithi)
• भूतायाम्: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम्; कालविशेषे (on the (tithi) called Bhūtā)

• सद्भिः: by the good (people)
• सद्भिः: Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्

• आदरात्: out of reverence
• आदरात्: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे पञ्चमी एकवचनम्; हेतौ/कारणे (out of respect)

• कृत: having performed
• कृत: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (कृदन्त; √कृ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) समासाङ्ग

• नित्य: daily
• नित्य: Samasa-anga (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासाङ्ग; "daily"

• क्रियः: one who has (performed) rites
• क्रियः: Visheshya (Qualified noun/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; (क्रियः = क्रियावान्/क्रियाकर्ता—पाठानुसारं) समासाङ्ग

• सोम: O Soma
• सोम: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन एकवचनम्

• त्रयोदश्याम्: on the thirteenth lunar day
• त्रयोदश्याम्: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम्

• निशामय: observe, note
• निशामय: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √निशम्/√शम् (धातु; caus./denom. sense "to observe/notice")
• Form: लोट्-लकारः (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

Speaker

Śiva (Maheśāna)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Candreśvara (Kāśī)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Soma (Candra)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Devotees in Kāśī preparing for vrata: morning sandhyā by lamp, then a simple fasting meal withheld; at night, a vigil with rows of oil lamps, quiet chanting, and steady attention toward the shrine.

Characters & Entities

• Soma

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Discipline in time—fasting, completing nitya-karmas, and keeping vigil—purifies devotion and strengthens vrata-power.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The vrata is taught in the Candreśvara/Kāśī context, implying observance in Kāśī for heightened merit.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Upavāsa (fasting), performance of nitya-kriyā, and niśā-jāgaraṇa (night vigil) on trayodaśī in relation to Somavāra-Amāvāsyā.