Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 97, Shloka 33

सप्तनवतितमः सर्गः (Yuddha Kāṇḍa 97): Sugrīva’s Onslaught and the Fall of Virūpākṣa

Devanagari script

विवृत्तनयनंक्रोधात्सफेनंरुधिराप्लुतम् ।ददृशुस्तेविरूपाक्षंविरूपाक्षतरंकृतम् ।।।।

Transliteration

vivṛttanayanaṃ krodhāt saphenaṃ rudhirāplutam |

dadṛśus te virūpākṣaṃ virūpākṣataraṃ kṛtam ||

Translation

Vieron a Virūpākṣa: con los ojos desorbitados por la ira, la boca espumeante y empapado en sangre, vuelto aún más horrendo por la violencia de su caída.

Word by Word

• स्फुरन्तम्: twitching
• स्फुरन्तम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √स्फुर् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणं (रिपुम्)

• परिवर्तन्तम्: rolling/turning about
• परिवर्तन्तम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-√वृत् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• पार्श्वेन: on his side
• पार्श्वेन: करण (Karana/Instrument; manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्श्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; साधन/रीतौ (by the side; on his side)

• रुधिर-उक्षितम्: blood-soaked
• रुधिर-उक्षितम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुधिर (प्रातिपदिक) + √उक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP: उक्षित), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (रुधिरेण उक्षितम् = sprinkled/bathed with blood)

• करुणम्: piteous
• करुणम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: करुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणं

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• विनर्दन्तम्: groaning/roaring
• विनर्दन्तम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-√नर्द् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ददृशुः: saw
• ददृशुः: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• कपयः: the monkeys
• कपयः: कर्ता (Karta/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• रिपुम्: the enemy
• रिपुम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रिपु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Seeing the defeated and broken monkeys, Sugriva assigned Sushena for their protection and went to the battle making others wonder at his wonderful action.

Characters & Entities

• Virūpākṣa
• Vānaras (as observers, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse underscores a dharmic warning: uncontrolled krodha (anger) deforms judgment and leads to ruin; violence returns as visible consequence upon the violent.

What is the narrative situation?

After Virūpākṣa is brought down, the vānaras witness his ghastly condition as he lies wounded/dying.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sobriety and discernment are implied—warriors must not be ruled by rage, which becomes self-destructive.