Shloka 36

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

Devanagari script

तमापतन्तंसहसासमीक्ष्यदीप्तेषुचापंयुधिराक्षसेन्द्रम् ।महत्समुत्पाट्यमहीधराग्रंदुद्रावरक्षोधिपतिंहरीशः ।।6.59.36।।

Transliteration

tam āpatantaṃ sahasā samīkṣya dīpteṣu cāpaṃ yudhi rākṣasendram | mahat samutpāṭya mahīdharāgraṃ dudrāva rakṣodhipatiṃ harīśaḥ ||6.59.36||

Translation

Al ver al rey de los Rākṣasas lanzarse de improviso en la batalla con su arco llameante, el señor de los Vānaras arrancó una enorme cumbre de montaña y corrió contra el soberano de los Rākṣasas.

Word by Word

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• āpatantam: rushing/advancing
• āpatantam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-√pat (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• sahasā: suddenly
• sahasā: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय

• samīkṣya: having seen
• samīkṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• dīpteṣu: blazing, radiant
• dīpteṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīpta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √dīp)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; cāpe इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (locative used with implied cāpe)

• cāpam: bow
• cāpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; tam (rākṣasendram) इत्यस्य विशेषणवत् (with bow)

• yudhi: in battle
• yudhi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yudh (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभाववत्; अर्थे: युद्धे (in battle)

• rākṣasa-indram: the Rakshasa lord
• rākṣasa-indram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तम् इत्यस्य अप्पोजिशन (apposition)

• mahat: great
• mahat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; mahīdharāgram इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• samutpāṭya: having uprooted
• samutpāṭya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ut-√pāṭ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• mahīdhara-agram: a mountain peak
• mahīdhara-agram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahīdhara (प्रातिपदिक) + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः: महीधरस्य अग्रं (mountain-top)

• dudrāva: ran
• dudrāva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dru (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• rakṣaḥ-adhipatim: the Rakshasa king
• rakṣaḥ-adhipatim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• harīśaḥ: the lord of monkeys (Sugriva)
• harīśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: harīśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Watching Ravana advancing suddenly on the battlefield with great speed, Sugriva took a huge mountain top and went towards Rakshasa king.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Sugrīva (harīśa)
• bow (cāpa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ally-duty and righteous resistance: Sugrīva acts decisively to counter aggression, supporting Rāma’s dharmic cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa advances; Sugrīva responds with a dramatic counterattack, uprooting a mountain-peak as a weapon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s courage and readiness to confront overwhelming force for a righteous alliance.