Shloka 33

सम्पातिवाक्यम्

Sampāti’s Counsel and the Revelation of Laṅkā

Devanagari script

गर्हितं तु कृतं कर्म येन स्म पशिताशिना।प्रतीकार्यं च मे तस्य वैरं भ्रातृकृतं भवेत्।।4.58.33।।

Transliteration

garhitaṁ tu kṛtaṁ karma yena sma piśitāśinā |

pratīkāryaṁ ca me tasya vairaṁ bhrātṛ-kṛtaṁ bhavet ||

Translation

Una acción vergonzosa cometió aquel devorador de carne; y la enemistad nacida de lo que hizo a mi hermano exige ahora mi justa retribución.

Word by Word

• गर्हितम्: blameworthy, censured
• गर्हितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √गर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (कर्म)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: 'but/indeed')

• कृतम्: done
• कृतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (कर्म)

• कर्म: deed, act
• कर्म: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• येन: by whom
• येन: Karana (करण/Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सम्बन्धे 'by whom'

• स्म: indeed/once (past marker)
• स्म: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; भूतार्थ-स्मरणार्थक निपात (particle used with past narration)

• पिशिताशिना: by the flesh-eater (demon)
• पिशिताशिना: Karana (करण/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिशित + आशिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (पिशितम् अश्नाति इति = 'flesh-eater')

• प्रतीकार्यम्: requiring retaliation
• प्रतीकार्यम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रति + √कृ (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्/अनीयर्-अर्थक (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'to be retaliated/answered'

• च: and
• च: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• मे: my
• मे: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (enclitic)

• तस्य: of that (one)
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• वैरम्: enmity
• वैरम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• भ्रातृकृतम्: caused by (my) brother
• भ्रातृकृतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रातृ + कृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (भ्रातुः कृतम् = 'done by (my) brother')

• भवेत्: would be
• भवेत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Characters & Entities

• Sampāti
• Rāvaṇa (piśitāśin)
• Jatāyu (implied by 'brother')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as justice: wrongdoing (adharma) deserves an ответ grounded in righteousness—retaliation framed as restoring moral order, not mere cruelty.

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti identifies Rāvaṇa as the perpetrator of a disgraceful act against his brother (Jatāyu) and declares a motive to oppose him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty to family allied with moral indignation—Sampāti’s grief becomes commitment to the righteous cause against Rāvaṇa.