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Shloka 45

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

स मासांश्चतुरः कृत्वा प्रमाणं प्लवगेश्वरः।व्यतीतां स्तान्मदव्यग्रो विहरन्नावबुध्यते।।।।

sa māsāṃś caturaḥ kṛtvā pramāṇaṃ plavageśvaraḥ | vyatītāṃs tān madavyagro viharann avabudhyate ||

Habiendo fijado cuatro meses como plazo convenido, el señor de los monos—distraído por la embriaguez—sigue en sus juegos sin advertir que esos meses ya han pasado.

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
मासान्months
मासान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
चतुरःfour
चतुरः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; numeral adjective qualifying मासान्
कृत्वाhaving fixed
कृत्वा:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), having made/fixed
प्रमाणम्a measure/term (as agreed)
प्रमाणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsakalिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; object of कृत्वा
प्लवगेश्वरःlord of monkeys
प्लवगेश्वरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्लवग (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: plavagānām īśvaraḥ (lord of monkeys)
व्यतीतान्elapsed/overstepped
व्यतीतान्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-√अत्/√इ (धातु) (व्यतीत as कृदन्त)
FormBhūta-kṛdanta (past participle/क्त), Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; qualifying तान् (months)
तान्those
तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
मदव्यग्रःdistracted by intoxication
मदव्यग्रः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: made vyagraḥ (distracted by intoxication)
विहरन्sporting/enjoying
विहरन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-√हृ (धातु)
FormVartamāna-kṛdanta (present participle/शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifying subject
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
FormNiṣedha-nipāta (negation)
अवबुध्यतेrealizes
अवबुध्यते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava-√बुध् (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada

'The king of monkeys has already spent four months, enjoying drinks. He does not realize that he has flouted his promise.

L
Lakṣmaṇa
T
Tārā
S
Sugrīva

FAQs

Satya and responsibility: a pledged timeline is part of truthfulness; letting time lapse through indulgence is a moral failure, especially when others depend on the promise.

Lakṣmaṇa highlights that the agreed four-month period has passed, intensifying the urgency to act in searching for Sītā.

Integrity in commitments and urgency in righteous action—Lakṣmaṇa insists that duty is time-sensitive.