Shloka 1

Devanagari script

एवमाधर्षितश्शूरश्शूर्पणख्या खरस्ततः।उवाच रक्षसां मध्ये खरः खरतरं वचः।।3.22.1।।

Transliteration

evam ādharṣitaḥ śūraḥ śūrpaṇakhyā kharas tataḥ | uvāca rakṣasāṃ madhye kharaḥ kharataraṃ vacaḥ ||

Translation

Así provocado y avergonzado por Shurpanakha, el valiente Khara pronunció palabras aún más duras en medio de los Rakshasas.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• आधर्षितः: affronted
• आधर्षितः: विशेषण (of शूरः/खरः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ√धर्ष् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; passive sense ‘insulted/affronted’

• शूरः: the hero
• शूरः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शूर्पणख्या: by Surpanakha
• शूर्पणख्या: करण/हेतु (Instrument/Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूर्पणखा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• खरः: Khara
• खरः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: खर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ततः: then
• ततः: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• उवाच: spoke
• उवाच: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• रक्षसाम्: of the demons
• रक्षसाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• मध्ये: in the midst
• मध्ये: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• खरः: Khara
• खरः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: खर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (repetition for emphasis/apposition)

• खरतरम्: harsher
• खरतरम्: विशेषण (of वचः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: खरतर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तृतीय-तुलनात्मक (comparative)

• वचः: words
• वचः: कर्म (Object of उवाच)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Ashamed and accused thus in the presence of the demons, the valiant Khara spoke to Surpanakha in harsh words:

Characters & Entities

• Khara
• Śūrpaṇakhā
• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights how wounded pride can eclipse dharma: public shame can trigger harsh speech and rash decisions rather than measured justice.

What is the narrative situation?

After hearing Śūrpaṇakhā’s account, Khara reacts before his assembled rākṣasas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Negatively emphasized: lack of restraint in speech arising from pride and provocation.