Shloka 53

The Glory of Bhārata-varṣa: Enumerating Mountains, Rivers, and Regions

Devanagari script

अथापरे जनपदा दक्षिणा मुनिपुंगवाः । द्रविडाः केरलाः प्राच्या मूषिका बालमूषिकाः

Transliteration

athāpare janapadā dakṣiṇā munipuṃgavāḥ | draviḍāḥ keralāḥ prācyā mūṣikā bālamūṣikāḥ

Translation

Y otras provincias del sur, oh el mejor de los sabios, son: los Draviḍas, los Keralas, los Prācyas, los Mūṣikas y los Bālamūṣikas.

Word by Word

• अथ: now, then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (discourse particle: 'now/then')

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (adjective) — 'अन्ये'

• जनपदाः: countries, regions
• जनपदाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• दक्षिणाः: southern
• दक्षिणाः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (adjective) — 'southern'

• मुनिपुंगवाः: O best of sages
• मुनिपुंगवाः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनिपुंगव (प्रातिपदिक); घटकाः: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक) + पुंगव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive tatpuruṣa: 'मुनीनां पुंगवाः' = best of sages); सम्बोधनार्थे प्रयोगः (contextually vocative sense though form is nominative plural)

• द्रविडाः: Draviḍas (people of Draviḍa)
• द्रविडाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रविड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• केरलाः: Keralas (people of Kerala)
• केरलाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केरल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• प्राच्याः: Prācyas (eastern people)
• प्राच्याः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राच्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); दिशासम्बन्धि-नाम (easterners)

• मूषिकाः: Mūṣikas (a people)
• मूषिकाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूषिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• बालमूषिकाः: Bāla-mūṣikas (the 'young/small' Mūṣikas; a subgroup)
• बालमूषिकाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बालमूषिक (प्रातिपदिक); घटकाः: बाल (प्रातिपदिक) + मूषिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्मधारय (descriptive: 'बालाः मूषिकाः' / 'young/small Mūṣikas')

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (context likely Pulastya addressing Bhīṣma)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: region

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: अथ+अपरे → अथापरे

FAQs

What is being listed in this verse?

It enumerates janapadas (provinces/peoples), primarily framed as southern regions, naming Draviḍa, Kerala, Mūṣika, and Bālamūṣika (with Prācya also mentioned).

Does this verse teach a theological doctrine or a geographical catalog?

This verse functions mainly as a geographical/ethnographic catalog of regions and peoples rather than presenting a direct devotional or philosophical teaching.

Who are the Mūṣikas and Bālamūṣikas?

They are regional groups named in Purāṇic geographical lists; Bālamūṣikas appear as a related subgroup or branch associated with the Mūṣikas.