Shloka 57

The Greatness of Hari’s Janmāṣṭamī (Jayantī) Vow

Devanagari script

गत्वा कंसो हतः क्रूरः कंसमल्लानजीजयत् । एतत्ते कथितं राजन्विष्णोर्जन्मदिनव्रतम्

Transliteration

gatvā kaṃso hataḥ krūraḥ kaṃsamallānajījayat | etatte kathitaṃ rājanviṣṇorjanmadinavratam

Translation

Al llegar allí, el cruel Kaṃsa fue muerto y los luchadores de Kaṃsa fueron vencidos. Así, oh Rey, te he relatado el Janmadina-vrata, la sagrada observancia del día del nacimiento de Viṣṇu.

Word by Word

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त्वा
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Gerund/Absolutive), अर्थः—गत्वा (having gone)

• कंसः: Kaṃsa
• कंसः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कंस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन

• हतः: was slain
• हतः: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रूरः: cruel
• क्रूरः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying कंसः)

• कंस-मल्लान्: Kaṃsa’s wrestlers
• कंस-मल्लान्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कंस (प्रातिपदिक) + मल्ल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी): कंसस्य मल्लाः; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/कर्म), बहुवचन

• अजीजयत्: defeated
• अजीजयत्: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु) + णिच् (causative) + लङ्
• Form: लकारः—लङ् (Imperfect/Past), पुरुषः—प्रथम (3rd), वचनम्—एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; णिजन्त (causative) धातुः—जि (to conquer) अर्थः—अजीजयत् (made [them] be conquered/defeated, i.e., defeated)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; अत्र कर्मरूपेण (as object of 'told')

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी-विभक्तिः (Dative/सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• कथितम्: has been told
• कथितम्: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोगः—'has been told'

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• विष्णोः: of Viṣṇu
• विष्णोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• जन्मदिन-व्रतम्: the vow of the birth-day (festival vow)
• जन्मदिन-व्रतम्: Karma (कर्म/Object—apposition to एतत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मदिन (प्रातिपदिक) + व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी/कर्मधारयभावः): जन्मदिनस्य व्रतम् (vow for the birth-day); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

Unspecified narrator addressing a king (rājan) in dialogue context

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: कंसमल्लानजीजयत् = कंस-मल्लान् अजीजयत्; एतत्ते = एतत् ते; राजन्विष्णोः = राजन् विष्णोः; विष्णोर्जन्मदिनव्रतम् = विष्णोः जन्मदिनव्रतम्.

Characters & Entities

• Kaṃsa
• Viṣṇu

FAQs

What religious observance is referenced as “Viṣṇor janmadina-vratam” in this verse?

It refers to a vow/ritual observance commemorating the Lord Viṣṇu’s birth-day—commonly aligned in practice with Janmāṣṭamī-style devotional fasting, worship, and remembrance of the Lord’s appearance.

Why does the verse mention Kaṃsa’s death and the defeat of his wrestlers?

It briefly recalls the climax of Kṛṣṇa’s (Viṣṇu’s avatāra) līlā in Mathurā—Kaṃsa’s overthrow and the subduing of his champions—serving as narrative support for the sanctity of the birth-day observance.

What ethical or devotional lesson does this verse emphasize?

It underscores devotion to the divine (bhakti) through commemorative worship and vows, and it implies that tyranny and cruelty (krūratā) are ultimately overcome by dharma embodied in the Lord’s presence.