Shloka 104

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

सम्यक् श्राद्धमदत्त्वा च तथानर्च्य च मातरम् ।

विवाहितायाः कन्यायाः हरति व्यञ्जनं तथा ॥

Transliteration

samyak śrāddham adattvā ca tathānarcya ca mātaram / vivāhitāyāḥ kanyāyāḥ harati vyañjanaṃ tathā

Translation

Y si no se ha ofrecido debidamente el śrāddha, y asimismo no se ha venerado a la madre—entonces, en el caso de una doncella casada, del mismo modo le arrebata su adorno o marca de embellecimiento.

Word by Word

• samyak: properly
• samyak: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• śrāddham: śrāddha rite (ancestral offering)
• śrāddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (श्राद्ध-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• adattvā: without giving
• adattvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (दा धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), with negation prefix a-; ‘a-dattvā’ = ‘not having given’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• anarcya: without worshipping
• anarcya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arc (अर्च् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), with negation prefix an-; ‘an-arcya’ = ‘not having worshipped’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• mātaram: mother
• mātaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (मातृ-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vivāhitāyāḥ: of the married (girl)
• vivāhitāyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vivāhita (विवाहित-प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ‘kanyāyāḥ’

• kanyāyāḥ: of the maiden/daughter
• kanyāyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (कन्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• harati: takes away/steals
• harati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hṛ (हृ धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• vyañjanam: condiment/side-dish (food accompaniment)
• vyañjanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyañjana (व्यञ्जन-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

Speakers

• Not specified in input (didactic voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ-pūjā (śrāddha)
• Mātṛ-bhakti / honoring the mother
• Householder obligations
• Auspiciousness and protection

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse links personal well-being to gratitude and duty: honoring ancestors (śrāddha) and the living source of one’s body (mother) sustains auspiciousness. Neglect is portrayed as diminishing prosperity/beauty—socially reinforcing intergenerational reciprocity.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction; not directly Sarga/Pratisarga/Vaṃśa/Manvantara/Vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Adornment/mark’ can be read as external radiance arising from inner harmony with Pitṛ and Mātṛ debts (ṛṇa). When those ṛṇas are ignored, the text encodes a loss of tejas/śrī.