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Shloka 61

Adhyaya 49Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

तेनौषधेन वर्तन्ते प्रजास्त्रेतायुगॆ मुने ।

रागलोभौ समासाद्य प्रजाश्चाकस्मिकौ तदा ॥

tenauṣadhena vartante prajā́s tretāyuge mune /

rāga-lobhau samāsādya prajāś cākasmikau tadā //

Con aquel alimento de hierbas vivían las criaturas en la era de Tretā, oh sabio. Pero después, al surgir el apego y la codicia, las criaturas fueron de pronto impulsadas por esas faltas.

tenaby that
tena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter/Masculine (नपुंसक/पुं), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
auṣadhenaby the herb/medicine
auṣadhena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootauṣadha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vartantelive/continue/exist
vartante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
prajāḥcreatures/people
prajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
tretā-yugein the Tretā age
tretā-yuge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottretā (प्रातिपदिक) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष 'in the Tretā age'
muneO sage
mune:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
rāga-lobhaupassion and greed
rāga-lobhau:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrāga (प्रातिपदिक) + lobha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन); द्वन्द्व 'passion and greed'
samāsādyahaving attained/encountered
samāsādya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsam-ā-√sad (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त), indeclinable; 'having approached/attained'
prajāḥpeople/creatures
prajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
ākasmikausudden/unexpected
ākasmikau:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootākasmika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन); agrees with rāga-lobhau understood as subject of implied clause
tadāthen
tadā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)
Narrative voice within Markandeya Purana (frame not explicit in given excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yuga doctrineEthicsKleśas (passion/greed)Decline from natural abundance

FAQs

Even in an age of abundance, inner faults (rāga, lobha) can corrupt right relationship with resources. The text frames ecological/social imbalance as beginning in the psyche.

Manvantara/Yuga description with an ethical inflection; it explains how decline unfolds within cosmic time-cycles.

Herbs symbolize sattvic sustenance; the intrusion of rāga-lobha indicates tamasic/rajasic agitation that ‘consumes’ equilibrium, foreshadowing scarcity as a mirror of inner grasping.