Shloka 77

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

पुत्र उवाच तथेत्युक्ते तया सूर्यमाजुहाव तपस्विनी ।

अनसूयार्घ्यमुद्यम्य दशरात्रे तदा निशि ॥

Transliteration

putra uvāca tathety ukte tayā sūryam ājuhāva tapasvinī /

anasūyārghyam udyamya daśa-rātre tadā niśi

Translation

Dijo el hijo: Cuando ella dijo «Así sea», la mujer asceta invocó al Sol; y luego, de noche durante el período de diez noches, Anasūyā elevó (ofreció) el arghya.

Word by Word

• पुत्रः: the son
• पुत्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• तथा: so/thus
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) 'thus/so'

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (निपात)

• उक्ते: when (this) was said
• उक्ते: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; locative absolute)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); locative absolute: 'when it was said'

• तया: by her
• तया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• सूर्यम्: the Sun
• सूर्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• आजुहाव: invoked
• आजुहाव: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-ह्वे (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada; 'called/invoked'

• तपस्विनी: the ascetic woman
• तपस्विनी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्विनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to subject (she)

• अनसूया: of Anasūyā
• अनसूया: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनसूया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन) used as first member in compound

• अर्घ्यम्: arghya-offering (water oblation)
• अर्घ्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्घ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• उद्यम्य: having raised
• उद्यम्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-यम् (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), 'having lifted/raising'

• दशरात्रे: during the ten nights
• दशरात्रे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशरात्र (प्रातिपदिक: दश+रात्र)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (usage), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); 'in the ten-night (period)'

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) 'then'

• निशि: at night
• निशि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Narrator identified as ‘putra’ (son) within the frame

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya

Key Themes

• Ritual (arghya) to Sūrya
• Tapas and siddhi
• Time-observance (daśarātra)
• Narrative frame (speaker shift)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual respect (arghya) and disciplined observance are depicted as channels through which tapas engages cosmic powers responsibly, not merely as displays of force.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra (ritual practice) embedded in narrative; ancillary to the five characteristics, serving as dharma-instruction within story.

What is the esoteric significance?

Offering arghya to Sūrya signifies aligning personal prāṇa with the solar principle; performing it at night underscores tapas as mastery over ordinary temporal conditions.