Shloka 4

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

तम् अनुष्ठाय विधिवद् विहायाग्निपरिग्रहम् ।

आत्मन्यात्मानमाधाय निर्द्वन्द्वो निष्परिग्रहः ॥

Transliteration

tam anuṣṭhāya vidhi-vad vihāyāgni-parigraham |

ātmany ātmānam ādhāya nirdvandvo niṣparigrahaḥ ||

Translation

«Habiendo emprendido debidamente esa disciplina y abandonando el mantenimiento de los fuegos sacrificiales, coloca el sí mismo en el Sí mismo; queda libre de los pares de opuestos y libre de posesiones».

Word by Word

• तम्: that
• तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (refers to the instruction/that path)

• अनुष्ठाय: having practiced/performed
• अनुष्ठाय: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), 'having duly practiced/performed'

• विधिवत्: according to the prescribed rule
• विधिवत्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधिवत् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb): 'according to rule'

• विहाय: having abandoned
• विहाय: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-हा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), 'having abandoned'

• अग्नि-परिग्रहम्: the keeping of (sacred) fires
• अग्नि-परिग्रहम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + परिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'अग्नेः परिग्रहः' (maintenance/keeping of sacred fires)

• आत्मनि: in the Self
• आत्मनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• आत्मानम्: the self (mind)
• आत्मानम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आधाय: having fixed/placed
• आधाय: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-धा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), 'having placed/fixed'

• निर्द्वन्द्वः: free from dualities
• निर्द्वन्द्वः: Kartṛ-sāmānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्द्वन्द्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (state/quality)

• निष्परिग्रहः: without possessions
• निष्परिग्रहः: Kartṛ-sāmānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्परिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Son instructing his father

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Saṃnyāsa-ethic
• Non-attachment
• Inner absorption (ātma-niṣṭhā)
• Dvandva-atīta

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse contrasts external ritual maintenance with inner realization: the ethical demand is simplification and non-grasping; the yogic demand is steady abidance in the Self beyond dualities.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/upadeśa layer: an instructional insertion rather than sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

“Abandoning the fires” can be read as shifting from outer sacrificial fire to inner fire of knowledge, where the ‘offering’ is the restless mind into the clarity of ātman.