Shloka 36

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

पतिव्रताया वचसा नोद्गच्छति दिवाकरः ।

सूर्योदयṃ विना नैव स्नानदानादिकाः क्रियाः ॥

Transliteration

pativratāyā vacasā nodgacchati divākaraḥ |

sūryodayaṃ vinā naiva snānadānādikāḥ kriyāḥ ||

Translation

Por la palabra (mandato) de una esposa fiel (pativratā), el Sol no se levanta; y sin el amanecer, no pueden realizarse actos como el baño ritual, la dádiva y otros semejantes.

Word by Word

• pati-vratāyāḥ: of the faithful wife
• pati-vratāyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pati + vratā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th: षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); 'of the devoted-to-husband woman'

• vacasā: by (her) word/speech
• vacasā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd: तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• udgacchati: rises/goes up
• udgacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud + √gam (गम्)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• divākaraḥ: the sun
• divākaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divākara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st: प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); divā + kara 'maker of day'

• sūrya-udayam: sunrise
• sūrya-udayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūrya + udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd: द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vinā: without
• vinā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपपद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prepositional indeclinable (उपपद-अव्यय) meaning 'without'

• na: not
• na: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)

• snāna-dāna-ādikāḥ: such as bathing, giving (charity), etc.
• snāna-dāna-ādikāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: snāna + dāna + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st: प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); dvandva list 'bathing and giving etc.' with ādi; qualifies kriyāḥ

• kriyāḥ: rites/actions
• kriyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st: प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Devas (collective voice) illustrating dharma’s potency over cosmic processes

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya

Shakti Aspects

• Implicit śakti of dharma/tejas in a pativratā (not a named Goddess-form)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Householder ethics
• Cosmic order
• Power of truth/virtue (tejas)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The moral claim is that dharma, when perfectly embodied, becomes efficacious—capable of influencing even cosmic functions. It also underscores how daily rites (snāna, dāna) are synchronized with cosmic markers (sunrise).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls under Dharma/ācāra instruction and exempla used within Purāṇic narrative frameworks (often embedded in vaṃśānucarita-style moral teaching rather than strict sarga).

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘Sun not rising’ signifies suspension of outward activity when inner vow-power (saṃyama/niyama) intervenes. Sunrise here can symbolize awakening of action; without it, karmic routines (kriyāḥ) cannot commence.