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Shloka 13

अक्षद्यूतप्रवेशः — Kali’s Entry and the Initiation of the Dice-Contest

नैषधेनैवमुक्ता सा दमयन्ती वचो<ब्रवीत्‌ । समाप्लुताभ्यां नेत्राभ्यां शोकजेनाथ वारिणा,तदनन्तर निषधराज नलके ऐसा कहनेपर दमयन्ती शोकाश्रुओंसे भरे हुए नेत्रोंद्वारा देखती हुई इस प्रकार बोली--

bṛhadaśva uvāca |

naiṣadhenaivam uktā sā damayantī vaco 'bravīt |

samāplutābhyāṃ netrābhyāṃ śokajenātha vāriṇā ||

Así interpelada por el rey de Niṣadha (Nala), Damayantī respondió. Sus ojos estaban anegados por lágrimas nacidas del dolor; y mirando a través de ellas, pronunció estas palabras—

नैषधेनby the king of Niṣadha (Nala)
नैषधेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनैषध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
उक्ताhaving been spoken to / addressed
उक्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दमयन्तीDamayantī
दमयन्ती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदमयन्ती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वचःwords, speech
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
समाप्लुताभ्याम्with (two) flooded/filled
समाप्लुताभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-प्लु (समाप्लुत)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Instrumental, Dual
नेत्राभ्याम्with (her two) eyes
नेत्राभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनेत्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
शोकजेनborn of grief
शोकजेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशोकज
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वारिणाwith water (tears)
वारिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवारि
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular

बृहदश्व उवाच

बृहदश्व (Bṛhadaśva)
दमयन्ती (Damayantī)
नैषध / निषधराज (Niṣadha / king of Niṣadha, i.e., Nala)
नेत्र (eyes)
शोक (grief)
वारि (tears/water)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical weight of suffering borne with dignity: Damayantī’s grief is acknowledged without diminishing her agency. It frames truthful speech and steadfastness (dharma in adversity) as emerging even amid intense sorrow.

In Bṛhadaśva’s narration of the Nala–Damayantī episode, Nala (the king of Niṣadha) has spoken to Damayantī. Overcome with grief, her eyes filled with tears, she looks on and begins her reply, marking a pivotal moment of emotional and moral confrontation.