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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 168: Arjuna’s counters to māyā-rains and the onset of darkness

Nivātakavaca engagement

निघ्नन्‌ प्रोथेन पृथिवीं विलिखंश्ररणैरपि । सम्मार्जञ्जठरेणोर्वी विवर्तश्न मुहुर्मुहु:,वह अपनी थूथुनसे पृथ्वीपर चोट करता और पैरोंसे धरती खोदता था। बार-बार लेटकर वह अपने पेटसे वहाँकी भूमिको ऐसा स्वच्छ कर देता था, मानो उसपर झाड़ दिया गया हो

nighnan prothena pṛthivīṁ vilikhañ śṛṅgair api | sammārjan jaṭhareṇorvīṁ vivartaś ca muhur muhuḥ ||

Arjuna dijo: «Golpeaba la tierra con el hocico e incluso la rascaba con los colmillos; con las patas removía el suelo. Una y otra vez se echaba y, con el vientre, frotaba la tierra hasta dejarla tan limpia que parecía como si aquel lugar hubiera sido barrido».

निघ्नन्striking, smiting
निघ्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनिघ्नत् (√हन्)
Form—, present participle (śatṛ), parasmaipada (active sense), masculine, nominative, singular
प्रोथेनwith the snout
प्रोथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रोथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
पृथिवीम्the earth, ground
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
विलिखन्scratching, digging up
विलिखन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविलिखत् (वि + √लिख्)
Form—, present participle (śatṛ), parasmaipada (active sense), masculine, nominative, singular
शरणैःwith (his) arrows / arrow-like (feet/claws)
शरणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सम्मार्जन्sweeping, cleaning
सम्मार्जन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्मार्जत् (सम् + √मृज्)
Form—, present participle (śatṛ), parasmaipada (active sense), masculine, nominative, singular
जठरेणwith the belly
जठरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजठर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
उर्वीम्the ground, earth
उर्वीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
विवर्तश्नrolling/turning about (probable)
विवर्तश्न:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविवर्त (वि + √वृत्/√वर्त्) + श्न (uncertain reading)
FormText appears corrupt/variant; likely intended a participle meaning 'rolling/turning about' (e.g., विवर्तन् / विवर्तमानः).
मुहुःagain and again, repeatedly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
मुहुःagain and again, repeatedly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
E
earth/ground
S
snout
H
horns
F
feet
B
belly

Educational Q&A

The verse primarily serves a descriptive purpose: it highlights intense restlessness and physical agitation through vivid natural imagery. Ethically, it can be read as illustrating how inner disturbance manifests outwardly in repeated, compulsive action.

Arjuna describes a creature’s behavior: it strikes the ground with its snout, scrapes with its horns, digs with its feet, and repeatedly rolls and rubs its belly on the earth, leaving the spot looking swept clean.