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Shloka 96

Kṛṣṇa at Duryodhana’s House: Refusal of Hospitality and Departure to Vidura (कृष्णस्य धार्तराष्ट्रनिवेशनगमनम्)

पाण्डवा: समबोध्यन्त बाल्यात्‌ प्रभृति केशव । “केशव! बाल्यावस्थासे ही पाण्डव शंख और दुन्दुभियोंकी गम्भीर ध्वनिसे

Vaiśampāyana uvāca | pāṇḍavāḥ samabodhyanta bālyāt prabhṛti keśava | antaṃ dhīrā niṣevante madhyaṃ grāmyasukhapriyāḥ | uttamāṃś ca parikleśān bhogāṃś cātīva mānuṣān |

Dijo Vaiśampāyana: “Oh Keśava, a los Pāṇḍavas se les despertaba desde la niñez con el grave estruendo de la caracola y de los tambores de guerra, con el dulce son del mṛdaṅga y con la melodiosa flauta.” Luego expone un principio ético: los firmes buscan el ‘estado final’ de la experiencia—una libertad más allá del placer y del dolor comunes—mientras que quienes se apegan a los goces toscos del mundo quedan confinados al ‘nivel medio’ de la gratificación. Los verdaderamente resueltos, tomando incluso las mayores penalidades como parte del deber, las soportan de buen grado y, al fin, alcanzan una plenitud que supera los placeres meramente humanos. Así, los sabios sostienen que llegar al estado último, más allá de las dualidades, es la dicha real; y que la condición intermedia—atrapada entre placer y dolor—es en sí sufrimiento.

अन्तम्the end; final state
अन्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
धीरा:steadfast (men)
धीरा::
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निषेवन्तेthey resort to; they enjoy
निषेवन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-सेव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
मध्यम्the middle (state)
मध्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
ग्राम्य-सुख-प्रिया:fond of worldly/ordinary pleasures
ग्राम्य-सुख-प्रिया::
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootग्राम्य + सुख + प्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उत्तमान्highest; very great
उत्तमान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परिक्लेशान्hardships; afflictions
परिक्लेशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरिक्लेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भोगान्enjoyments; pleasures
भोगान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतीवexceedingly; very
अतीव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतीव
मानुषान्human; pertaining to humans
मानुषान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pāṇḍavas
K
Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts two orientations: the dhīra (steadfast) aim for the ‘final’ state—freedom beyond the swing of pleasure and pain—while those attached to grāmya (worldly) pleasures remain stuck in an intermediate, unstable satisfaction. True happiness is presented as the culmination beyond dualities, reached through disciplined endurance of duty-bound hardships.

Vaiśampāyana addresses Keśava (Kṛṣṇa) and refers to the Pāṇḍavas being awakened from childhood, then uses that setting to introduce a broader reflection on character: how the noble endure hardship for dharma and thereby reach a higher fulfillment than ordinary sensual enjoyment.