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Shloka 28

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

श्रेयांस्तु षड्विधस्त्याग: श्रियं प्राप्प न हृष्यति । इष्टापूर्ते द्वितीयं स्यान्नित्यवैराग्ययोगत:,राजेन्द्र! छ: प्रकारका जो सर्वश्रेष्ठ त्याग है, उसे बताते हैं। लक्ष्मीको पाकर हर्षित न होना--यह प्रथम त्याग है; यज्ञ-होमादिमें तथा कुएँ, तालाब और बगीचे आदि बनानेमें धन खर्च करना दूसरा त्याग है और सदा वैराग्यसे युक्त रहकर कामका त्याग करना-यह तीसरा त्याग कहा गया है। महर्षिलोग इसे अनिर्वचनीय मोक्षका उपाय कहते हैं। अतः यह तीसरा त्याग विशेष गुण माना गया है

śreyāṁs tu ṣaḍvidhas tyāgaḥ śriyaṁ prāpya na hṛṣyati | iṣṭāpūrte dvitīyaṁ syān nityavairāgyayogataḥ rājendra ||

Sanatsujāta enseña al rey que la renuncia suprema es de seis clases. Primera: aun al alcanzar la prosperidad (Lakṣmī), no debe uno exaltarse. Segunda: debe dedicarse la riqueza a ofrendas sagradas y a beneficios públicos—ritos como el sacrificio y las ofrendas al fuego, y obras como construir pozos, estanques y jardines. Además, señala una renuncia más honda, fundada en el desapego constante: no es mero abandono exterior, sino libertad interior que sostiene el camino hacia la liberación.

śreyānbetter, superior
śreyān:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootśreyas
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tubut, indeed
tu:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu
ṣaḍ-vidhaḥsixfold
ṣaḍ-vidhaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootṣaṭ + vidha
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tyāgaḥrenunciation, giving up
tyāgaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Roottyāga
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
śriyamprosperity, fortune
śriyam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootśrī
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
prāpyahaving obtained
prāpya:
TypeVerb
Root√āp (prāp-)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
hṛṣyatirejoices, exults
hṛṣyati:
TypeVerb
Root√hṛṣ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
iṣṭa-pūrtein sacrifices and public works (charitable constructions)
iṣṭa-pūrte:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootiṣṭa + pūrta
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
dvitīyamthe second (one)
dvitīyam:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootdvitīya
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
syātwould be, should be
syāt:
TypeVerb
Root√as
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
nitya-vairāgya-yogataḥby/through constant dispassion (as a discipline)
nitya-vairāgya-yogataḥ:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya + vairāgya + yoga + -tas
rājendraO king of kings
rājendra:
TypeNoun
Rootrājan + indra
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
R
Rājendra (the king, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra in context)
Ś
Śrī/Lakṣmī
I
iṣṭa (sacrificial rites)
P
pūrta (public works such as wells, ponds, gardens)

Educational Q&A

Renunciation is not only giving up possessions; it is primarily inner discipline: do not become elated by prosperity, and direct wealth toward sacred rites and public welfare. Such restraint and generosity, supported by steady dispassion (vairāgya), prepares the mind for liberation-oriented living.

In the Sanatsujātīya section of Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs the king (addressed as rājendra) on spiritual ethics. Here he begins enumerating the superior, sixfold forms of tyāga, starting with equanimity in fortune and the practice of iṣṭa-pūrta (religious offerings and public benefactions).