Shloka 20

सम्भोगमें ही मन लगानेवाले, विषमता रखनेवाले, अत्यन्त मानी, दान देकर पश्चात्ताप करनेवाले, अत्यन्त कृपण, अर्थ और कामकी प्रशंसा करनेवाले तथा स्त्रियोंके द्वेषी--ये सात और पहलेके छ: कुल तेरह प्रकारके मनुष्य नृशंसवर्ग (क्रूर-समुदाय) कहे गये हैं ।। धर्मश्न सत्यं च दमस्तपश्च अमारत्सरय द्वीस्तितिक्षानसूया । यज्ञश्न दानं च धृति: श्रुतं च व्रतानि वै द्वादश ब्राह्मणस्य,धर्म, सत्य, इन्द्रियनिग्रह, तप, मत्सरताका अभाव, लज्जा, सहनशीलता, किसीके दोष न देखना, यज्ञ करना, दान देना, धैर्य और शास्त्रज्ञान--ये ब्राह्मण-के बारह व्रत हैं

dharmaś ca satyaṃ ca damas tapaś ca

amātsaryaṃ hrīs titikṣā anasūyā |

yajñaś ca dānaṃ ca dhṛtiḥ śrutaṃ ca

vratāni vai dvādaśa brāhmaṇasya ||

Sanatsujāta dijo: «Los que sólo ponen su mente en el goce; los que obran con desigualdad; los extremadamente orgullosos; los que dan y luego se arrepienten; los muy avaros; los que ensalzan la riqueza y el deseo; y los que odian a las mujeres: estos siete, junto con los seis anteriores, hacen trece clases de hombres llamados el grupo nṛśaṃsa (la comunidad cruel). En cambio, los doce votos del brāhmaṇa son: dharma y veracidad; dominio de sí y austeridad; ausencia de envidia; modestia; paciencia; no buscar faltas; realizar el sacrificio; dar con generosidad; firmeza; y saber sagrado: éstos se declaran los doce votos del brāhmaṇa.»

धर्मःrighteousness, duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दमःself-control (sense-restraint)
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अमात्सर्यम्absence of envy/jealousy
अमात्सर्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्सर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ह्रीःmodesty, shame (sense of propriety)
ह्रीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootह्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तितिक्षाforbearance, endurance
तितिक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतितिक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अनसूयाnon-censoriousness; not finding fault
अनसूया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनसूया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञःsacrifice, ritual worship
यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानम्gift, charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धृतिःsteadfastness, fortitude
धृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
श्रुतम्learning; what is heard (Vedic study)
श्रुतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्रतानिvows, observances
व्रतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed, certainly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वादश
FormIndeclinable/Number, Nominative, Plural (count)
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
B
brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the brāhmaṇa ideal through twelve ethical disciplines—truth, restraint, austerity, non-envy, modesty, patience, non-faultfinding, sacrifice, charity, steadfastness, and scriptural learning—presenting character and conduct as the true markers of spiritual nobility.

In Sanatsujāta’s instruction (within Udyoga Parva), he lays down a normative list of virtues, contrasting refined moral discipline with the traits that lead to cruelty and social harm, thereby guiding the listener toward dharmic conduct amid the tensions preceding war.