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Shloka 8

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

केशिन्युवाच किं ब्राह्मणा: स्विच्छेयांसो दितिजा: स्विद्‌ विरोचन । अथ केन सम पर्यड्कं सुधन्‍्वा नाधिरोहति,केशिनी बोली--विरोचन! ब्राह्मण श्रेष्ठ होते हैं या दैत्य? यदि ब्राह्मण श्रेष्ठ होते हैं तो सुधन्वा ब्राह्मण ही मेरी शय्यापर क्‍यों न बैठे? अर्थात्‌ मैं सुधन्वासे ही विवाह क्‍यों न करूँ?

keśiny uvāca kiṁ brāhmaṇāḥ svic chreyāṁso ditijāḥ svid virocana | atha kena sama paryaṅkaṁ sudhanvā nādhirohati ||

Dijo Keśinī: «Virocana, ¿quiénes son en verdad superiores: los brahmanes o los daityas nacidos de Diti? Si los brahmanes son superiores, ¿por qué el brahmán Sudhanvan no puede subir al mismo lecho que tú? Es decir, ¿por qué no habría yo de escoger a Sudhanvan por esposo?»

केशिनीKeśinī
केशिनी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेशिनी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्what?/whether
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वित्indeed?/perhaps (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
श्रेयान्सःbetter/superior
श्रेयान्सः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दितिजाःsons of Diti (Daityas)
दितिजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदितिज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वित्indeed?/perhaps (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
विरोचनO Virocana
विरोचन:
TypeNoun
Rootविरोचन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
केनby whom?/with what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
समम्equally/together
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
पर्यङ्कम्bed/couch
पर्यङ्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर्यङ्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सुधन्वाSudhanvā
सुधन्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुधन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधिरोहतिmounts/ascends (sits upon)
अधिरोहति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-रुह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

विदुर उवाच

K
Keśinī
V
Virocana
B
Brahmins (Brāhmaṇāḥ)
D
Daityas (Ditijāḥ)
S
Sudhanvā
P
Paryaṅka (couch/bed)

Educational Q&A

The verse probes the ethical basis of social superiority: if Brahminhood is acknowledged as higher due to learning and dharma, then denying a worthy Brahmin equal honor is inconsistent. It highlights that status claims must align with conduct and fairness.

Keśinī challenges Virocana with a pointed question about who is superior—Brahmins or Daityas—and uses the issue of seating/bed honor (the shared couch) to argue that if Brahmins are superior, Sudhanvā should not be treated as inferior; she implies her preference to marry Sudhanvā.