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Shloka 69

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

जीर्णमन्नं प्रशंसन्ति भार्या च गतयौवनाम्‌ । शूरं विजितसंग्रामं गतपारं तपस्विनम्‌,सज्जन पुरुष पच जानेपर अन्नकी, (निष्कलंक) यौवन बीत जानेपर स्त्रीकी, संग्राम जीत लेनेपर शूरकी और संसारसागरको पार कर लेनेपर तपस्वीकी प्रशंसा करते हैं

jīrṇam annaṁ praśaṁsanti bhāryāṁ ca gatayauvanām | śūraṁ vijitasaṅgrāmaṁ gatapāraṁ tapasvinam ||

Vidura observa un patrón mundano: la gente alaba la comida sólo cuando ya está rancia; a la esposa, cuando su juventud ha pasado; al héroe, cuando ya ha vencido sus batallas; y al asceta, cuando ha cruzado a la otra orilla—esto es, cuando ha consumado el arduo tránsito de la vida y la disciplina. La punzada ética es clara: la sociedad suele retener el honor hasta que la utilidad, la belleza o la lucha han quedado atrás; el elogio llega tarde, cuando no cuesta nada, en vez de ser un reconocimiento oportuno que sostenga el dharma en el presente.

जीर्णम्stale, old
जीर्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजीर्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिthey praise
प्रशंसन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
भार्याम्wife
भार्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गत-यौवनाम्whose youth has passed
गत-यौवनाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगतयौवना
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शूरम्hero, brave man
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विजित-संग्रामम्who has won the battle
विजित-संग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविजितसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गत-पारम्who has reached the far shore (i.e., crossed over)
गत-पारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगतपार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तपस्विनम्ascetic
तपस्विनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
A
anna (food)
B
bhāryā (wife)
Ś
śūra (hero/warrior)
T
tapasvin (ascetic)

Educational Q&A

The verse criticizes delayed appreciation: people often praise only after value has faded or the struggle is already over. Vidura implies that true dharmic conduct is to recognize and honor merit, effort, and virtue in time—when encouragement and respect can actually support right action.

In Vidura’s counsel (vidura-nīti) within the Udyoga Parva, he offers sharp observations about human behavior and courtly society. Here he lists examples—stale food, an aged wife, a battle-worn victor, and an ascetic who has ‘crossed over’—to show how praise is commonly postponed until it is safe, conventional, or costless.