Shloka 15

युद्धमें बाणोंसे पीड़ित हुआ क्षत्रिय जो-जो दुःख सहता है, उस-उस कष्टके द्वारा उसके तपकी ही उत्तरोत्तर वृद्धि होती है; ऐसी धर्मज्ञ पुरुषोंकी मान्यता है ।। पृष्ठतों भीरव: संख्ये वर्तन्ते5धर्मपूरुषा: । शूराच्छरणमिच्छन्त: पर्जन्यादिव जीवनम्‌,जैसे समस्त प्राणी बादलसे जीवनदायक जलकी इच्छा रखते हैं, उसी प्रकार शूरवीरसे अपनी रक्षा चाहते हुए डरपोक एवं नीच श्रेणीके मनुष्य युद्धमें वीर योद्धाओंके पीछे खड़े रहते हैं

yuddhe bāṇaiḥ pīḍito yaḥ kṣatriyo yaḥ-yaḥ duḥkhaṃ sahate, tasya tasya kaṣṭena tapasas tasya uttarottaraṃ vṛddhir bhavati—iti dharmajñāḥ manyante. pṛṣṭhato bhīravaḥ saṅkhye vartante ’dharma-pūruṣāḥ; śūrāc charaṇam icchantaḥ parjanyād iva jīvanam.

Bhishma dijo: “En la batalla, cuando un kshatriya es herido por flechas y soporta el dolor que se presenta, cada una de esas penalidades se convierte en un aumento ulterior de su tapas—tal es la opinión de los conocedores del dharma. Pero en las filas, los temerosos—hombres de disposición vil e injusta—se quedan detrás; buscando amparo en los valientes, se aferran a los héroes para ser protegidos, así como los seres vivos miran a la nube de lluvia por el agua que sostiene la vida.”

पृष्ठतःfrom behind / at the rear
पृष्ठतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठतस्
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/at the back')
भीरवःcowards
भीरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, locative, singular
वर्तन्तेremain / stand / stay
वर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person, plural, Ātmanepada
अधर्मपूरुषाःunrighteous men
अधर्मपूरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्मपूरुष
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
शूरात्from the hero / from the brave man
शूरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, ablative, singular
शरणम्refuge / protection
शरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
इच्छन्तःdesiring
इच्छन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), masculine, nominative, plural
पर्जन्यात्from the rain-cloud
पर्जन्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, ablative, singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
FormAvyaya (comparative particle)
जीवनम्life / means of living
जीवनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवन
FormNeuter, accusative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
kṣatriya
B
bāṇa (arrows)
P
parjanya (rain-cloud)

Educational Q&A

Enduring pain and hardship in righteous battle is framed as a form of tapas that increases a kshatriya’s merit and moral stature, while cowardice is criticized as dependence on others without sharing the burden of dharma.

Bhishma contrasts two types of men in a battle setting: the true kshatriya who bears arrow-wounds and grows in tapas through endurance, and the fearful, unrighteous men who stay behind the brave and seek their protection like creatures depending on rain for life.