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Shloka 20

Adharmic Victory as Unstable; Rules of Restraint, Mediation, and Conciliation (अधर्मविजय-अध्रुवत्व तथा क्षमा-नयः)

भूमिवर्ज धनं राजा जित्वा राजन्‌ महाहवे । अपि चान्नौषधी: शश्वदाजहार प्रतर्दन:,राजन! पूर्वकालमें राजा प्रतर्दन महासमरमें विजय प्राप्त करके पराजित राजाकी भूमिको छोड़कर शेष सारा धन, अन्न एवं औषध अपनी राजधानीमें ले आये

bhūmivarjaṃ dhanaṃ rājā jitvā rājan mahāhave | api cānnauṣadhīḥ śaśvad ājahāra pratardanaḥ ||

Dijo Bhishma: «Oh rey, tras vencer en una gran batalla, el rey Pratardana se llevó las riquezas, dejando a un lado la tierra misma. Y, en verdad, también trasladaba sin cesar a su capital las reservas de grano y de hierbas medicinales». El pasaje subraya la contención del gobernante después de la victoria: tomar recursos móviles y perdonar el territorio conquistado, buscando limitar el daño y mantener el orden, en vez de aniquilar al reino derrotado.

भूमि-वर्जम्excluding the land
भूमि-वर्जम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूमि + वर्ज (वर्जित)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धनम्wealth, treasure
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जित्वाhaving conquered
जित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootजि (जय)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महाहवेin the great battle
महाहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + आहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्न-औषधीःfood and medicinal herbs
अन्न-औषधीः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न + औषधी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
शश्वत्always, continually
शश्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशश्वत्
आजहाराbrought, carried off
आजहारा:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हृ (हृ)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
प्रतर्दनःPratardana (proper name)
प्रतर्दनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतर्दन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
Pratardana
T
the king addressed (Yudhishthira)
L
land (bhūmi)
W
wealth/treasure (dhana)
G
grain/provisions (anna)
M
medicinal herbs (auṣadhī)

Educational Q&A

Victory should be tempered by restraint: a righteous ruler may secure movable resources needed for governance while avoiding needless devastation or dispossession of the conquered land, thereby limiting suffering and preserving stability.

Bhishma cites an earlier example: King Pratardana wins a major battle and, instead of seizing the defeated king’s territory, takes the remaining wealth along with supplies of grain and medicinal herbs to his own capital.