Shloka 17
Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)
धर्मज्ञानां धृतिमतां संग्रामेष्वपपलायिनाम् | राष्ट्र तु येडनुजीवन्ति ये तु राज्ञोडनुजीविन:
dharmajñānāṁ dhṛtimatāṁ saṅgrāmeṣv apapalāyinām | rāṣṭre tu ye ’nujīvanti ye tu rājño ’nujīvinaḥ, sarvān supariṇītāṁs tān kārayethā yudhiṣṭhira ||
Bhishma dijo: «Oh Yudhishthira, a quienes conocen el dharma, son firmes y jamás vuelven la espalda en la batalla; a quienes se ganan la vida dentro del reino y a quienes viven bajo la protección del rey: a todos ellos trátalos con el honor debido y la consideración apropiada. El gobernante debe procurar que estos dignos dependientes y servidores del Estado estén bien atendidos, pues su estabilidad sostiene el orden del reino y la autoridad moral del rey».
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
A ruler must uphold dharma by honoring and properly supporting those who sustain the state—especially the dharma-knowing, steadfast, and courageous defenders, as well as those whose livelihood depends on the realm or the king. Respect and provision are presented as instruments of stable governance and moral legitimacy.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira after the war, giving practical counsel on how a king should treat key social and military groups. The verse emphasizes ensuring due honor and care for loyal, capable persons who serve or depend upon the kingdom.