Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 36

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

ब्राह्मणो यदि वा वैश्य: शूद्रो वा राजसत्तम । दस्युभ्यो5थ प्रजा रक्षेद्‌ दण्डं धर्मेण धारयन्‌

brāhmaṇo yadi vā vaiśyaḥ śūdro vā rājasattama | dasyubhyo 'tha prajā rakṣed daṇḍaṃ dharmeṇa dhārayan ||

Yudhiṣṭhira dijo: “¡Oh el mejor de los reyes! Si un brahmán, o un vaiśya, o incluso un śūdra—sosteniendo el cetro del castigo conforme al dharma—protegiera al pueblo de las bandas de salteadores, ¿estaría obrando rectamente? En un tiempo en que los saqueadores se multiplican y el orden social está en peligro, y cuando no se halla remedio eficaz para el deber del kṣatriya de proteger a los súbditos, ¿es apropiado que un hombre fuerte de otra clase asuma la autoridad coercitiva para salvaguardar el dharma y rescatar a la población del pillaje?”

ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वैश्यःa Vaishya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
राजसत्तमO best of kings
राजसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दस्युभ्यःfrom robbers
दस्युभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदस्यु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
प्रजाःthe subjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
रक्षेत्should protect
रक्षेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दण्डम्punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मेणby/according to dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धारयन्bearing/holding
धारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājasattama (addressed king)
B
brāhmaṇa
V
vaiśya
Ś
śūdra
D
dasyu (robbers)
P
prajā (subjects)
D
daṇḍa (punitive authority)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical question about emergency governance: when the Kṣatriya function of protecting society fails, can non-Kṣatriyas legitimately wield daṇḍa (coercive punishment) to defend the people—provided it is done in accordance with dharma.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira raises a practical dilemma to the elder authority: with robbers increasing and social stability threatened, he asks whether a capable Brahmin, Vaiśya, or Śūdra may take up righteous punitive power to protect the populace from marauders.