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Shloka 44

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

ऋग्यजु:सामवित्‌ पूज्यो नित्यं स्थाद्‌ देववद्‌ द्विज: । अनृग्यजुरसामा च प्राजापत्य उपद्रव: । यज्ञों मनीषया तात सर्ववर्णेषु भारत,ऋतक्‌, साम और यजुर्वेदका ज्ञाता ब्राह्मण सदा देवताके समान पूजनीय है। दास या शूद्र ऋक, यजु और सामके ज्ञानसे शून्य होता है; तो भी वह “प्राजापत्य” (प्रजापतिका भक्त) कहा गया है। तात! भरतनन्दन! मानसिक संकल्पद्वारा जो भावनात्मक यज्ञ होता है, उसमें सभी वर्णोका अधिकार है

bhīṣma uvāca | ṛgyajuḥsāmavit pūjyo nityaṃ sthād devavad dvijaḥ | anṛgyajur asāmā ca prājāpatya upadravaḥ | yajño manīṣayā tāta sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata ||

Bhishma dijo: «Un dvija, un “nacido dos veces”, que conoce el Ṛg, el Yajus y el Sāman debe ser honrado siempre, venerado como a una deidad. Incluso quien carece del conocimiento del Ṛg, del Yajus y del Sāman—como un sirviente o un Śūdra—puede aun así ser llamado “Prājāpatya”, devoto en consonancia con Prajāpati. Oh querido, oh descendiente de Bharata: el sacrificio realizado interiormente mediante la intención y la comprensión—la ofrenda mental—pertenece a todos los varṇa.»

ऋग्यजुःसामवित्knower of the Ṛg-, Yajus-, and Sāma-veda
ऋग्यजुःसामवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋग् + यजुः + सामन् + विद् (वित्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूज्यःworthy of worship/honour
पूज्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूज्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
स्थात्should be / ought to be
स्थात्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देववत्like a god
देववत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदेववत्
द्विजःa twice-born (brahmin)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनृग्यजुरसामाःdevoid of Ṛg, Yajus and Sāma (knowledge)
अनृग्यजुरसामाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन् + ऋग् + यजुः + सामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राजापत्यःone belonging to Prajāpati / a Prajāpatya (devotee/rite-follower)
प्राजापत्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राजापत्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपद्रवःdisturbance; affliction; (here) a troublesome one
उपद्रवः:
TypeNoun
Rootउपद्रव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)
P
Prajāpati
Ṛgveda
Y
Yajurveda
S
Sāmaveda
D
Dvija
Ś
Śūdra
D
Dāsa

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes between (1) the social reverence due to a dvija learned in the three Vedas and (2) the broader spiritual accessibility of inner sacrifice: a mental, intention-based yajña is open to all varṇas, even to those without Vedic study.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma advises Yudhiṣṭhira about religious merit and social honor: Vedic mastery warrants high respect, yet devotion and inward sacrificial practice are not restricted to the Veda-trained classes.