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Shloka 42

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

जज्माजड्म॒श्षोक्ताश्वूर्णणोगा विषादय:,सेनाके गुप्त अड़ हैं जड़म (सर्पादिजनित) और अजड़म (पेड़-पौधोंसे उत्पन्न) विष आदि चूर्णयोग अर्थात्‌ विनाशकारक ओषधियाँ

jāṅgama-jāḍya-śokta-aśva-ūrṇanāgā viṣādayaḥ; senāyāṃ guptāḥ sthāpitāḥ; jaḍam (sarpādi-janitam) ca ajaḍam (vṛkṣa-latādi-janyam) viṣa-ādi-cūrṇa-yogaḥ, vināśakārakā oṣadhayaḥ

Dijo Bhishma: Hay preparaciones destructivas—venenos y compuestos en polvo—unas procedentes de seres vivos como las serpientes, y otras procedentes de plantas y árboles. Cuando tales drogas letales se introducen en secreto dentro de un ejército, se convierten en un medio oculto de ruina, socavando la conducta justa al apoyarse en el daño encubierto en vez de en una acción abierta y responsable.

जङ्गमmoving (animate)
जङ्गम:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजङ्गम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अजङ्गमnon-moving (inanimate)
अजङ्गम:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजङ्गम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विषpoison
विष:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आदिand so on; etc.
आदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
चूर्णयोगाःpowder-mixtures; powdered preparations
चूर्णयोगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचूर्णयोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विषादयःpoisons and the like
विषादयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषादि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
army (senā)
S
serpents (sarpa)
P
poisons (viṣa)
P
powdered preparations (cūrṇa-yoga)
M
medicinal substances/drugs (oṣadhi)
P
plants/trees (vṛkṣa, latā)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral danger of covert, destructive means—poisons and lethal preparations—especially when hidden within an army. It implicitly contrasts secret harm with dharmic conduct that avoids treachery and indiscriminate destruction.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and conduct, Bhishma enumerates harmful substances and methods—animal- and plant-derived poisons and powdered formulations—that can be secretly deployed in military contexts, warning about their ruinous nature.