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Shloka 123

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

उनके राज्यमें किसीको बुढ़ापा, दुर्भिक्ष तथा आधि-व्याधिका कष्ट नहीं था। राजाकी ओरसे रक्षाकी समुचित व्यवस्था होनेके कारण वहाँ कभी किसीको सर्पों, चोरों तथा आपसके लोगोंसे भय नहीं प्राप्त होता था ।।

āpasta-stambhire cāsya samudram abhiyāsyataḥ | parvatāś ca dadur mārgaṁ dhvaja-bhaṅgaś ca nābhavat ||

Dijo Bhīṣma: En su reino nadie padecía las aflicciones de la vejez, del hambre ni de las enfermedades del cuerpo y de la mente. Como el rey había dispuesto una protección adecuada, nadie vivía allí con temor a las serpientes, a los ladrones ni a los enemigos dentro de la propia comunidad. Y cuando él viajaba sobre el mar, sus aguas se aquietaban; las montañas le abrían paso; y el estandarte de su carro jamás se quebró: señales de un gobierno tan justo y ordenado que hasta la naturaleza parecía cooperar con él.

आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तस्तम्भिरेbecame still / stood motionless
तस्तम्भिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootस्तम्भ्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof him / his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
समुद्रम्the ocean
समुद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभियास्यतःof (him) going towards / approaching
अभियास्यतः:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-या
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पर्वताःmountains
पर्वताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अश्नम्a stone/rock (mass)
अश्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददुःgave
ददुः:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
मार्गम्a path
मार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ध्वजभङ्गःbreaking of the banner/flag
ध्वजभङ्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज-भङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभवत्was / occurred
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
samudra (ocean/sea)
P
parvata (mountains)
D
dhvaja (chariot-banner/standard)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents the ideal of rājadharma: a king’s foremost duty is effective protection and just governance, resulting in freedom from fear, social stability, and public well-being; such righteousness is portrayed as so potent that it brings harmony even in the natural world.

Bhīṣma is describing a model ruler whose kingdom is free from common calamities and dangers. He then adds hyperbolic-epic signs of that ruler’s extraordinary fortune and merit: the sea calms as he travels, mountains open a route, and his chariot’s banner never breaks.