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Shloka 38

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

बेटा! तुम्हें सदा और सब ओर क्षमाशील ही नहीं बने रहना चाहिये; क्योंकि क्षमाशील हाथीके समान कोमल स्वभाववाला राजा दूसरोंको भयभीत न कर सकनेके कारण अधर्मके प्रसारमें ही सहायक होता है ।। बाह्स्पत्ये च शास्त्रे च श्लोको निगदित: पुरा । अस्मिन्नर्थे महाराज तन्मे निगदत: शृणु,महाराज! इसी बातके समर्थनमें बाह्स्पत्य-शास्त्रका एक प्राचीन श्लोक पढ़ा जाता है। मैं उसे बता रहा हूँ, सुनो

bāla! tvaṃ sadā sarvataḥ kṣamāśīlo naiva bhavitum arhasi; yataḥ kṣamāśīlaḥ hastīva komala-svabhāvo rājā anyān bhīṣayituṃ aśakyaḥ san adharmasya prasāre eva sahāyakaḥ bhavati. bārhaspatye ca śāstre ca śloko nigaditaḥ purā; asminn arthe mahārāja tan me nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

Bhishma dijo: «Hijo mío, no debes permanecer indulgente en todo momento y en toda circunstancia. Pues un rey de naturaleza suave—como un elefante paciente—no logra infundir temor a los malhechores; y, al no poder contener a los demás, termina ayudando a que se propague el adharma. En efecto, sobre este mismo punto se recita un antiguo verso en el tratado de Bārhaspatya. Oh gran rey, escucha mientras lo declaro.»

बाह्स्पत्येin (the) Bārhaspatya (treatise)
बाह्स्पत्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्स्पत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शास्त्रेin the treatise
शास्त्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्लोकःa verse
श्लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्लोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निगदितःhas been stated/recited
निगदितः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-गद्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पुराformerly, of old
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अर्थेmatter, point
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that (verse/statement)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
निगदतःas I am stating/reciting
निगदतः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-गद्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Genitive, Singular
शृणुhear, listen
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahārāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
B
Bārhaspatya-śāstra
E
Elephant (as simile)

Educational Q&A

Forgiveness is a virtue, but a ruler must not practice it indiscriminately; excessive forbearance can embolden wrongdoing and thereby assist the spread of adharma. Effective kingship requires the capacity to deter and restrain.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and warns him against constant, universal forgiveness. He then introduces an old supporting verse from the Bārhaspatya tradition to reinforce the point.